Fireworks in space

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Planets Align For The Fourth Of July

Fireworks over Jodrell Bank, England, on the 2008 summer solstice.
Photo credit: Andrew Greenwood.
by Dr. Tony Phillips
Huntsville AL (SPX) Jul 02, 2008
On 4th of July weekend, NASA forecasts lights in the sky. No, not
those lights. Look beyond the fireworks. Almost halfway up the western
sky, just above the twilight glow of sunset, a trio of worlds is
gathering: Saturn, Mars and the crescent Moon.
The show gets going on Friday, July 4th. Red Mars and ringed Saturn
converge just to the left of the bright star Regulus. The three lights
make a pretty 1st-magnitude line in the heavens: sky map.

But that is just the beginning. On Saturday, July 5th, with weekend
fireworks at fever pitch, a lovely crescent Moon joins the show.
Saturn, Mars, and the Moon trace an even brighter line than the night
before: sky map.

Scan a small telescope along the line. You'll see Saturn's rings, the
little red disk of Mars, a grand sweep of lunar mountains and craters,
and just maybe-flash!-a manmade incendiary. How often do you see
fireworks through a telescope?

This is, however, more than just a flashy gathering of planets-it is
also a gathering of spaceships and robots.

Each of the three worlds is orbited or inhabited by probes from Earth.
Saturn has the Cassini spacecraft, studying the gas giant's storms,
moons and rings. The Moon has two probes in orbit: Kaguya from Japan
and Chang'e-1 from China.

The pair, operating independently, are mapping the Moon and scanning
for resources in advance of future human landings. NASA's Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter will join them later this year.

Mars has more probes than the others combined. Three active satellites
orbit the red planet: Europe's Mars Express and NASA's Mars Odyssey
and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The three not only study Mars with
their own instruments, but also form a satellite network in support of
NASA's Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity and Mars lander Phoenix.

None of these mechanical specks are visible in a backyard telescope,
but they are there, heralds of a growing human presence in the solar
system. Tell that to your buddy at the fireworks show!

During the short night of July 5th, the Moon glides past Mars and
Saturn so that nightfall on Sunday, July 6th, brings a different
arrangement-a scalene triangle. The triad is easy to find in the hours
after sunset. Look west and let the Moon be your guide: sky map.

In the nights that follow, the Moon exits stage left, leaving the
others behind. Don't stop watching, though. Saturn and Mars are
converging for their closest encounter of the next 14 years. After
nightfall on Thursday, July 10th, the two planets will be just ¾ of a
degree apart, snug enough to fit behind the tip of your pinky finger
held at arm's length: sky map.

Now that's spectacular-no fireworks required