News update 29/04/2022 2
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Apr 29, 2022, 9:51:45 AM4/29/22
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The result of this was general discontent, which finally reached the point that the Ionians refused to obey and almost let the ship of Pausanias go down with him. The Greeks turned to Aristides and Cimon, who had won sympathy with their gentle treatment, with a request for protection, offered them to conclude a new alliance and stand at the head of it.
They agreed, and in the spring of 477 BC. e. a new maritime union arose, known as the Delian-Attic - the small but sacred island of Delos, which was once the center of the old marine amphictonia, was of particular importance to the Greeks, and therefore was chosen as the center of the new union.
At the same time, Pausanias, against whom Sparta received many complaints, was recalled by the ephors with the help of the Peloponnesian squadron sent for this purpose. He obeyed, since he was not yet ready for open action, and entrusted the management of Byzantium and, probably, Sestos, to his like-minded Gongil. In Sparta, they could not prove the treacherous intentions of Pausanias, but, nevertheless, he was removed from his post, and instead a certain Docris was sent to Byzantium with a small squadron to take command. But the allies, upon his arrival, resolutely refused to obey him, and he was forced to return with his ships back.
Sparta was already tired of waging war with the Persians, now transferred to the sea, costing a lot of money, threatening new losses of people and, moreover, contributing to the decomposition of strict Spartan morals. Therefore, Sparta refused further participation in this war, leaving it to Athens. Thus, maritime hegemony passed to Athens without a struggle and without violating the alliance made in 480 BC. e. in Isthma. Themistocles' goal was achieved: Athens achieved undeniable superiority at sea.
In fact, Athens had all the data to obtain maritime hegemony even at the conclusion of the Isthmian alliance in 481 BC. e., but Themistocles decided to abandon the claims, despite the overwhelming preponderance of the Athenian ships over the Spartan ones, in order not to violate the agreement in the matter of national defense.
The Athenian commanders in Byzantium, no doubt, very willingly accepted the offer of the allies to assume leadership and immediately set about concluding a maritime alliance in which, under the leadership of Athens, all Greek states could act as equal members and without losing their independence. The goals of the alliance were to repulse the attacks of the Persians and protect all members of the alliance from them, to protect the freedom of the sea and maritime communications and trade, especially in Pontus; finally, an attack on the Persian coasts and plundering them to compensate for the losses suffered by the allies during the Persian invasions. In a word, the alliance pursued only military goals, especially since part of the Greek coastal cities were still in the hands of the Persians.
At the same time, it was decided that each member of the alliance was obliged to contribute a certain amount to the conduct of the war, as the Spartans were paid earlier in the conduct of the land war. The states that possessed warships had to provide them with commands to the union and maintain them at their own expense; those who did not have ships were taxed in cash. Athens, as the dominant power, exercised supreme command over the fleet, disposed of money, had a chairmanship at the union meeting and had the right to convene it.
The allied council met and met in the temple of Apollo on the island of Delos, in the same temple all the values \u200b\u200bof the union were stored, for the management of which there were special allied treasurers. Each member of the union had the right to vote and all questions (about war, peace, etc.) were decided by voting.
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