News update 04/05/2022 22
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rybalc...@gmail.com
Apr 4, 2022, 6:34:23 AM4/4/22
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The essence of these republics remains unclear: whether they were civil communities, similar to Greek policies, or city-states of the eastern type. Considering them policies does not allow the lack of data on the presence of free citizens in them, who all (rich and poor, noble and not noble) would be equal before the law and could not be in a relationship of personal dependence on each other. Only the stratum of the population that is economically and politically dependent on the aristocracy stands out clearly. In Etruscan inscriptions, these people are called "etera" - associates: they had to help their patron and made up his military squad.
The frescoes of the tombs of the Etruscan nobility and the evidence of ancient writers allow us to speak about the presence of slavery in Etruscan society. But whether the labor of slaves was widely used in handicraft production or whether they were used as domestic servants, it is impossible to say for sure.
In the 7th century BC. the Etruscans began to spread their influence to the neighboring regions of Etruria. Their cities appear in the fertile Campania and in the north of the Apennine peninsula, in the Po valley. The largest of them were Capua, Nola, Felsina, Mantua, Spina. The issue of Etruscan dominance in Latium is controversial. Some researchers believe that they conquered this area and founded Rome, reinforcing their point of view by the fact that it was during the reign of the kings of the Etruscan Tarquinian dynasty that Rome became the most powerful city of Latium (see the article “Ancient Rome”). Others, referring to Roman writers, speak only of the Etruscan influence on this territory.
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