how are skin, bones and muscles interconnected?

[sraj]

Skin, bones, and muscles are interconnected through structural links like tendons and the hypodermis, shared blood and nervous systems, and functional coordination for movement and protection. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons, allowing them to move the skeleton, while the skin protects both and is connected to them by the hypodermis. All three systems are metabolically linked by the cardiovascular system and communicate via the nervous system for coordinated responses and movement. 

Structural connections

• Tendons: Tough, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, transmitting the force from muscle contractions to move the skeleton.
• Hypodermis: The bottom layer of skin (subcutaneous tissue) that contains fat and connective tissue, which connects the skin to the underlying muscles and bones and cushions them.
• Joints: Where bones meet, they are connected by ligaments. Muscles are also located around joints to provide dynamic stability, and joints allow for movement between bones. 

Functional and physiological connections

• Movement: Muscles contract to pull on bones via tendons, causing movement at the joints.
• Protection: The skin acts as a protective barrier for the underlying muscles and bones. The hypodermis also provides a protective fatty layer. The bones themselves also provide structural support and protect internal organs.
• Nervous system: The nervous system coordinates movement and protection. For example, a stimulus to the skin triggers a rapid muscle response to move the body away from danger.
• Cardiovascular system: Blood vessels supply all three tissues, allowing them to receive nutrients and respond to hormones, ensuring they can grow and function in a coordinated way.
• Proprioception: Nerves in muscles, tendons, and joints constantly send information to the brain, acting like an "internal GPS" that helps the nervous system adjust muscle tension for balance and stability.

(Google Search)

[Keith Bacon]

Hi Selvaraj,

This seem to be quite old info. It doesn't mention fascia which science is giving ever more importsnce to.

It has huge nu.bers of proprioceptors and is thought to be involved in some phenomena noted in mind/body techniques. 

Regards

Keith

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[sraj]

Thanks Keith for making us aware of the role played by fascia in helping the skeletomuscular system 'Glide'. Looks like a very complex subject :-(  F.M.'s USE approach may simplify many overlapping complex phenomenon. 

Regards

Selvaraj.

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What is the history of fascia?

The history of fascia began with its Latin name, meaning "band," used by ancient Romans and Greeks to describe various strip-like objects, including bandages. Early anatomists like Galen used it to describe the sheaths around muscles, but fascia was largely considered an inert, passive structure. Over time, its significance grew, particularly after the term was officially adopted in anatomy in the 17th century. Today, modern research recognizes fascia as a dynamic, interconnected, and highly innervated tissue with a vital role in bodily support, movement, and communication. 

Ancient Greece and Rome

• Early use of the term: The word "fascia" is a Latinized version of the Greek word taenia, both meaning "band" or "strip".
• Anatomical application: Ancient anatomists like Galen used the term to describe the connective tissue surrounding muscles.
• Misunderstanding of function: Fascia was viewed primarily as a passive packing material to separate structures, with the focus on more prominent tissues like muscles and bones. 

Medieval period

• Islamic Golden Age: This era brought new insights, with some scholars recognizing fascia's sensory nature and sensitivity.
• European lack of progress: Due to prohibitions on human dissection, the understanding of fascia did not advance significantly in Europe during this time. 

Renaissance to 19th century

• Official anatomical term: The term "fascia" was formally adopted in an anatomical context in 1615 by the author Crooke to describe membranes that connect and support structures.
• Focus on structure: Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, anatomists began to create nomenclature systems based on fascia's location, morphology, and function, often in relation to muscles.
• Passive role still dominant: Despite its increasing study, fascia was still largely considered a passive structure that transmitted force and reduced friction. 

20th century to present

• Growing recognition: The view of fascia as a simple, passive structure began to change. Researchers highlighted that it was a more complex, interconnected tissue.
• Interconnected network: In 1997, the concept that fascia is a continuous, three-dimensional network was emphasized, challenging the idea of distinct boundaries between tissues.
• Modern understanding: Today, research recognizes fascia as a dynamic and vital system with a high density of nerve endings, playing a key role in pain, movement, and overall health.
• New areas of study: Current research is exploring fascia's role in inflammation, hormones, aging, and its relationship with various diseases.

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[Keith Bacon]

Hi Selveraj,

I dont think Alexanders conceot of Use has found its way in to the scientific research of mind body techniques. 

I view it rather like cocepts of Life Force, prana kundalini etc.Things that were used to explain complex phenomena in the old days but don't have the precision to be used in research. 

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