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Pronunciation of Numerals 数词的读法
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1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数
(1)100以内的数词
基数 序数
Roman
Arabic
Numerals Numerals
|
罗马数字 |
阿拉伯数字 |
读法 |
数码 |
读法 |
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1 |
one |
1st |
the first |
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2 |
two |
2nd |
the second |
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3 |
three |
3rd |
the third |
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4 |
four |
4th |
the fourth |
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5 |
five |
5th |
the fifth |
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6 |
six |
6th |
the sixth |
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7 |
seven |
7th |
the seventh |
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8 |
eight |
8th |
the eighth |
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9 |
nine |
9th |
the ninth |
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10 |
ten |
10th |
the tenth |
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11 |
eleven |
11th |
the eleventh |
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12 |
twelve |
12th |
the twelfth |
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13 |
thirteen |
13th |
the thirteenth |
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14 |
fourteen |
14th |
the fourteenth |
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15 |
fifteen |
15th |
the fifteenth |
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16 |
sixteen |
16th |
the sixteenth |
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17 |
seventeen |
17th |
the seventeenth |
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18 |
eighteen |
18th |
the eighteenth |
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19 |
nineteen |
19th |
the nineteenth |
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20 |
twenty |
20th |
the twentieth |
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21 |
twenty-one |
21st |
the twenty-first |
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25 |
twenty-five |
25th |
the twenty-fifth |
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30 |
thirty |
30th |
the thirtieth |
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40 |
forty |
40th |
the fortieth |
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50 |
fifty |
50th |
the fiftieth |
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60 |
sixty |
60th |
the sixtieth |
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70 |
seventy |
70th |
the seventieth |
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80 |
eighty |
80th |
the eightieth |
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90 |
ninety |
90th |
the ninetieth |
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99 |
ninety-nine |
99th |
the ninety-ninth |
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100 |
one hundred |
100th |
the hundredth |
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102 |
a hundred and two |
102nd |
the (one) hundred and second |
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CD |
400 |
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500 |
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DCCCLXXXVIII |
888 |
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M |
1,000 |
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MCD |
1,400 |
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MDCCCXCIX |
1,899 |
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MCM |
1,900 |
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MCMXCII |
1,992 |
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MMMDCCCLXXXVIII |
3,888 |
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V |
5,000 |
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X |
10,000 |
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L |
50,000 |
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C |
100,000 |
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D |
500,000 |
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M |
1,000,000 |
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[附注]拼写规则
罗马数字共有7个，即I(1)，V(5)，X(10)，L(50)，C(100)，D(500)，M(1000)。按照下述的规则可以表示任意正整数。
- 重复数次：1个罗马数字重复几次，就表示这个数的几倍。
- 右加左减：
- 在一个较大的罗马数字的右边记上一个较小的罗马数字，表示大数字加小数字。
- 在一个较大的罗马数字的左边记上一个较小的罗马数字，表示大数字减小数字。
- 但是，左减不能跨越一个位数。比如，99不可以用IC表示，而是用XCIX表示。（等同于阿拉伯数字每位数字分别表示）
- 例如：999 = 900+90+9 = CM+XC+IX = CMXCIX
- 此外，左减数字不能超过1位，比如8写成VIII，而非IIX。
- 同理，右加数字不能超过3位，比如14写成XIV，而非XIIII。
加线乘千：在1个罗马数字的上方加上1条横线或者在右下方写M，表示将这个数乘以1000，即是原数的1000倍。
- 同理，如果上方有2条横线，即是原数的1000000倍。
例外：由于IV是古罗马神话主神朱庇特（IVPITER，古罗马字母没有J和U）的首字，因此有时用IIII代替IV。
(2)1000以上的数词
1,000 = one thousand 一千
10,000 = ten
thousand 一万
100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万
1,000,000 = one
million 一百万
10,000,000 = ten million 一千万
100,000,000=one hundred
million 一亿
(3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法：
英国 美国
十亿 one thousand
million = one billion
百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion
千亿 one
hundred thousand million = one hundred billion
万亿 one billion = one
trillion
2.Fractions 分数
通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。
1/2 = a (or
one) half
1/3 = a (or one) third
1/4 = a quarter or one fouth
1/5 = a (or one) fifth
2/3 = two thirds
9/10 = nine tenths
53/4 = five and three quarters
15/64= fifteen over (or by)
sixty-four
15% = fifteen per cent
4‰ = four per mill
3.Decimals 小数
0.4 = zero (or nought) point four
.01 =
point (or decimal) nought one
12.34 = twelve point three four
567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine
30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring
0.3% = decimal
three percent
4.Mathematic Forms 数学式
(1) Addition 加法
1+2=3 One and two are three.
2+3=5 Two plus three equals five.
4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four.
45+70+152=267 45,70 and
152 added are (or make) 267
the sum (or total) is 267.
演算时的读法：
Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought
and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make
thirteen,and three
sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and
one (that I carry) are two; I put down
two.- The sum (or total, or the
result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80
and 143 added
together, and(or make) 260.
(2)Subtraction 减法
9-4=5 Nine minus
four equals (or is equal to) five.
15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves
eight.
23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654
leaves 15,479. The difference
(or The remainder) is 15,479.
Nine
from five won`t go.
演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One
from one leaves nought (or nothing).
Two from three (leaves) one. I
can`t take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten;
five from
fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand
one
hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100.
(3)Multiplication 乘法
1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals
nought.
1×1=1 Once one is one.
2×1=2 Twice one is two.
3×5=15
Three times five is fifteen
6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the
result is nothing.
演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by
five) are forty-five; I put down five
and carry four. Five times seven
are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write
down
nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry)
thirty-three; I put
down thirty-three.
Eight times nine (or Eight
nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make
fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six.
Eight sixes make forty-eight
and six fifty-four; I write down
fifty-four.
I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and
nine are eleven. Three and three are
six and one are seven. Four and
three make seven. Five.
(4)Division 除法
9÷3=3 Nine divided by
three maks (or is equal to) three.
20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four
times.
4567÷23=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder.
The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder.
演算时的读法: Fifteen into
thirteen won`t go ; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine
times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred
and thirty-five from one hundred
and thirty-eight leaves three; I
bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen
are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven.
The (exact)
quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder; 15 into 1387 goes 92 times,
and 7 remainder.
5.Time 时间
(1)Hours 钟点
2h.5'8" = two
hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒
6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分
8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.['ei 'em] 上午8时30分
the 6.05 p.m.train =
the six (nought) five p.m.['pi:'em] train 下午6时零5分列车
又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下：
0900 = 0 nine hunderd (上午)9时
0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9时10分
1300
= thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时)
1525 = fifteen twenty-five
15时25分(下午3时25分)
2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时)
at 5 o'c =at five
o'clock 五点钟
(2)Date 日期
Oct.1 =October first 10月1日
Oct.1st
= October the first 10月1日
Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October,
nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日
3/5 = [英]May (the) third 5月3日；[美]March
fifth 3月5日
[附注]联系日期前置词用on.
(3)Year 年份
684 B.C. =Six
eighty-four B.C. ['bi:'si:] 公元前684年
1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen
hundred and sixty
19- nineteen something
1950's nineteen fifties
二十世纪五十年代
[附注]联系年份的前置词用in.
6.Numbers 号码
(1)Telephones Numbers 电话号码
1023 = one O two three; ten
twenty-three
1227 = one double two (or two two) seven
0386 = O
three eight six
0096 = double O(or O O )nine six
7000 = seven O
double O = seven thousand
No.26= Number 26 第26号
Room 201 = Room
two O one 第201房间
10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号
(2)Writings 书籍作品
Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一
Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章
Page 3 = page
Three (or the third page) 第3页
See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten
见第5-10页
Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕
Hamlet III 1:56 =
Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行
Matt.7:12
= Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节
Beethoven Op.49 =
Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号
4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开
(3)Other 其他
World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战
World War
II = World War Two 第二次世界大战
Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世
Henry
V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世
Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生
Mr.B
- = Mr. B
-Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University
某大学某某先生
the town of = the town of Blank 某某城
The result of the game
was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。
7.Money 货币
(1)British currency 英币
6d. = six
pence 六便士
1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士
11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or
three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半
1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元
33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元
1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one
(shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士
￡1.18 = (or￡1.18s.)= one pound
eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令
￡1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings
(and) sixpence
4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four (shillings) and five pence
halfpenny
(2)U.S. currency
1.20 dollar (and) twenty (cents)
美金一元二角
4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分
(3)Soviet currency 前苏联币
6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks
六卢布十五戈比
(4) German currency 德币
1 m. 60 = one mark sixty
pfennig -马克六十芬尼
(5)French currency 法国币
1 fr.30 = one franc.
thirty (centimes) -法郎三十生丁
0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁
(6)
Chinese People's Currency 人民币
1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角
JMP
10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen) 人民币十元三角五分
附注：yuan单复数没有变化：也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。
8. Weight and Measures
度量衡
(1)length,area, and volume 长度、面积和容积
3 in = three inches
三英寸
15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸
[附注]
尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作foot;如果inches也念出来，ft可以读作fett.
18'6 5/1"= eighteen
foot six and a fifth (inches)
10×8feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽
5"×4×31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高三英寸半
[附注] 以上二例中，乘号×表示面积或容积。
(2)Weight 重量
12 dr. 23 gr.= Twelve
drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱
10 oz. 4 dr. = Ten ounces four
drams 十盎司打兰
(3)Capacity 容量
3 gi. = three gills 三及耳
1 qt. 1
pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱
[附注] qt.,pt. 的复数是qts.,pts.,也可以不加s.
20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱
5 bu. 3 pk. =
Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克
符号的英文读法
． period 句号
≈ is approximately equal
to 约等于号
， comma 逗号
＜ is less than 小于号
： colon 冒号
＞ is more
than 大于号
； semicolon 分号
≮ is not less than 不小于号
！ exclamation
惊叹号
≯ is not more than 不大于号
？ question mark 问号
≤ is less than
or equal to 小于或等于号
￣ hyphen 连字符
≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号
' apostrophe 省略号
；所有格符号
％ per cent 百分之…
- dash 破折号
‰
per mill 千分之…
' ' single quotation marks 单引号
∞ infinity 无限大号
double quotation marks 双引号
∝ varies as 与…成比例
( ) parentheses
圆括号
√ (square) root 平方根
[ ] square brackets 方括号
∵ since;
because 因为
《 》 French quotes 法文引号;书名号
∴ hence 所以
... ellipsis
省略号
∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例
¨ tandem colon 双点号
∠
angle 角
ditto 双点号
⌒ semicircle 半圆
‖ parallel 双线号
⊙ circle
圆
／ virgule 斜线号
○ circumference 圆周
＆ ampersand = and
π pi
圆周率
～ swung dash 代字号
△ triangle 三角形
§ section; division 分节号
⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于
→ arrow 箭号；参见号
∪ union of 并，合集
＋
plus 加号；正号
∩ intersection of 交，通集
－ minus 减号；负号
∫ the integral
of …的积分
± plus or minus 正负号
( ∑ sigma) summation of 总和
× is
multiplied by 乘号
° degree 度
÷ is divided by 除号
′ minute 分
＝ is equal to 等于号
″ second 秒
≠ is not equal to 不等于号
＃
number …号
≡ is equivalent to 全等于号
℃ Celsius system 摄氏度
≌ is
equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号
＠ at 单价
R’ R prime
R” R double prime, R second prime
R1 R
sub one
100° C one hundred degrees Centigrade
+ plus; positive
- minus; negative
´ multiplied by; times
¸ divided by
±
plus or minus
= is equal to; equals
º is identically equal to
» is approximately equal to
( ) round brackets; parentheses
[
] square brackets
{ } braces
a＞＞b a is much greater than b
a³
b a is greater than or equal to b
aµ b a varies directly as b
lognX logX to the base n
the cubic root of x
the nth root of x
x2 x square, x squared, the square of x
Xn X to n factors; the nth
power of x; x to the power n
x -8 x to the minus eighth power
ï xï
the absolute value of x
the mean value of X
the sum of the terms
indicated; summation of
D x or d x the increment of x
dx
differential x
dy/dx the first derivative of y with respect to x
ò
integral
¥ infinity
1/2 a half; one half
2/3 two thirds
5/123 five over a hundred and twenty-three
eight and three over
fourths; eight and three quarters
0.01 O point O one; zero point zero
one; nought point nought one
6 % 6 percent
3‰ 3 per mille
2 :
3 the ratio of two to three
r=xd r equals x multiplied by d
5´
2=10 five times two equals ten
x3/8=y2 x raised to the third power
divided by eight equals y squared
(a+b-c´ d)/e=f a plus b minus c
multiplied by d, all divided by e equals f
y = (Wt-W)/x y equals W sub
t minus W over x
幂次方通常用power表示.例如:10的7次方:the seventh power of ten或ten to the seventh power.
任何一个数都可以表示成X乘以10的Y次方,即X times the Yth(或根据情况改为nd, rd) power of ten.
a的平方：a square or a squared
a的立方：a cube or b cubed
a的4次方：a to the fourth
a的-1次方：a to the minus one
log a: common logarithm
ln a: natural logarithm
f(a): the function of a
|a|: the absolute value of a
sin: sine
cos: cosine
tan: tangent
ctg: cotangent
sec: secant
csc: cosecant
n!: the factorial of n
公理 axiom
定理 theorem
计算 calculation
运算 operation
证明 prove
假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)
命题 proposition
算术 arithmetic
加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)
被加数 augend, summand
加数 addend
和 sum
减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)
被减数 minuend
减数 subtrahend
差 remainder
乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)
被乘数 multiplicand, faciend
乘数 multiplicator
积 product
除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)
被除数 dividend
除数 divisor
商 quotient
等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
大于 is greater than
小于 is lesser than
大于等于 is equal or greater than
小于等于 is equal or lesser than
运算符 operator
数字 digit
数 number
自然数 natural number
整数 integer
小数 decimal
小数点 decimal point
分数 fraction
分子 numerator
分母 denominator
比 ratio
正 positive
负 negative
零 null, zero, nought, nil
十进制 decimal system
二进制 binary system
十六进制 hexadecimal system
权 weight, significance
进位 carry
截尾 truncation
四舍五入 round
下舍入 round down
上舍入 round up
有效数字 significant digit
无效数字 insignificant digit
代数 algebra
公式 formula, formulae(pl.)
单项式 monomial
多项式 polynomial, multinomial
系数 coefficient
未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor
等式，方程式 equation
一次方程 simple equation
二次方程 quadratic equation
三次方程 cubic equation
四次方程 quartic equation
不等式 inequation
阶乘 factorial
对数 logarithm
指数，幂 exponent
乘方 power
二次方，平方 square
三次方，立方 cube
四次方 the power of four, the fourth power
n次方 the power of n, the nth power
开方 evolution, extraction
二次方根，平方根 square root
三次方根，立方根 cube root
四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root
n次方根 the root of n, the nth root
集合 aggregate
元素 element
空集 void
子集 subset
交集 intersection
并集 union
补集 complement
映射 mapping
函数 function
定义域 domain, field of definition
值域 range
常量 constant
变量 variable
单调性 monotonicity
奇偶性 parity
周期性 periodicity
图象 image
数列，级数 series
微积分 calculus
微分 differential
导数 derivative
极限 limit
无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)
无穷小 infinitesimal
积分 integral
定积分 definite integral
不定积分 indefinite integral
有理数 rational number
无理数 irrational number
实数 real number
虚数 imaginary number
复数 complex number
矩阵 matrix
行列式 determinant
几何 geometry
点 point
线 line
面 plane
体 solid
线段 segment
射线 radial
平行 parallel
相交 intersect
角 angle
角度 degree
弧度 radian
锐角 acute angle
直角 right angle
钝角 obtuse angle
平角 straight angle
周角 perigon
底 base
边 side
高 height
三角形 triangle
锐角三角形 acute triangle
直角三角形 right triangle
直角边 leg
斜边 hypotenuse
勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem
钝角三角形 obtuse triangle
不等边三角形 scalene triangle
等腰三角形 isosceles triangle
等边三角形 equilateral triangle
四边形 quadrilateral
平行四边形 parallelogram
矩形 rectangle
长 length
宽 width
菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond
正方形 square
梯形 trapezoid
直角梯形 right trapezoid
等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid
五边形 pentagon
六边形 hexagon
七边形 heptagon
八边形 octagon
九边形 enneagon
十边形 decagon
十一边形 hendecagon
十二边形 dodecagon
多边形 polygon
正多边形 equilateral polygon
圆 circle
圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)
半径 radius
直径 diameter
圆周率 pi
弧 arc
半圆 semicircle
扇形 sector
环 ring
椭圆 ellipse
圆周 circumference
周长 perimeter
面积 area
轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)
相似 similar
全等 congruent
四面体 tetrahedron
五面体 pentahedron
六面体 hexahedron
平行六面体 parallelepiped
立方体 cube
七面体 heptahedron
八面体 octahedron
九面体 enneahedron
十面体 decahedron
十一面体 hendecahedron
十二面体 dodecahedron
二十面体 icosahedron
多面体 polyhedron
棱锥 pyramid
棱柱 prism
棱台 frustum of a prism
旋转 rotation
轴 axis
圆锥 cone
圆柱 cylinder
圆台 frustum of a cone
球 sphere
半球 hemisphere
底面 undersurface
表面积 surface area
体积 volume
空间 space
坐标系 coordinates
坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis
横坐标 x-coordinate
纵坐标 y-coordinate
原点 origin
双曲线 hyperbola
抛物线 parabola
三角 trigonometry
正弦 sine
余弦 cosine
正切 tangent
余切 cotangent
正割 secant
余割 cosecant
反正弦 arc sine
反余弦 arc cosine
反正切 arc tangent
反余切 arc cotangent
反正割 arc secant
反余割 arc cosecant
相位 phase
周期 period
振幅 amplitude
内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)
外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)
旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)
垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)
重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)
内切圆 inscribed circle
外切圆 circumcircle
统计 statistics
平均数 average
加权平均数 weighted average
方差 variance
标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation
比例 propotion
百分比 percent
百分点 percentage
百分位数 percentile
排列 permutation
组合 combination
概率，或然率 probability
分布 distribution
正态分布 normal distribution
非正态分布 abnormal distribution
图表 graph
条形统计图 bar graph
柱形统计图 histogram
折线统计图 broken line graph
曲线统计图 curve diagram
扇形统计图 pie diagram
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