1. The cause of fraction in society is when a group of people unite for one cause. This will was true in his time and will always be true because when you have a large group advocating for something is always stronger than just one person advocating for it.
2. Madison presents two ways to deal with the problem of faction: remove its causes and control its effects. Faction cannot be completely eliminated, however it can be controlled. Factions can be controlled when there are ideas that are not one-sided.