Hi Glenn,
I'm not really sure about this. I see some instructions for installation without root privileges here...
Is this what you've already done?
If so, you might be right that you need to specify a path to the executable in the AftrRAD script. If you're using the standard version (v4.1), you can specify this at line 2337 - just replace 'mafft' with the path to the executable. If you're using the paralleled version, it's at line 3543.
I'd probably test it out on the example dataset (which is small and will run quickly) both ways - first try it as it is, and if you get an error, try editing the script by adding the path to the executable. Let us know what happens, and if anyone else has thoughts on this, please do let us know.
Mike