Download What 39;s Up Danger Mp3
Poppy Yentsch
It is important to share information with women and their families about the early detection and recognition of danger signs and complications as part of birth and emergency planning. You need to discuss with them what the danger signs are and help them to think about and decide where they will go if they experience one or any of these.
Most women have uneventful pregnancies and childbirth but sudden and unpredictable complications may happen at any time to any woman. Where problems do occur it is important to ensure that they are acted upon without delay. You need to find a way to explain in familiar terms (using local words) the danger signs, so that the woman, her family and others in the community can recognize them if they should occur, and to ensure they know where to go in case of an emergency. It would also be helpful here to refer to Session 7 on birth and emergency plans as many elements, including transport, where the nearest health facility is located, and logistical details regarding persons to support the family, should already have been discussed and planned in advance.
WHO recommends that health services work with women, their families and the broader community so that they have appropriate and comprehensible information on the danger signs during pregnancy, as any woman can develop complications, and to ensure that all are aware of where to seek care in the case of an emergency.
Explore with women what they know about danger signs and make sure they know them all. Some danger signs are more difficult than others to recognize such as oedema. When counselling women about danger signs you need to explore with them what is normal, what is unusual and what is a danger sign.
Women and their families need to be able to recognize danger signs accurately and act appropriately. For example, bleeding requires immediate transport to a health facility because a woman, particularly with anaemia, can die in a matter of hours.
If you have a highly literate population you might consider communicating all the danger signs in a leaflet or fact sheet or some other method that can be given out at routine antenatal care. If your population is less literate, you will have to rely on verbal or pictorial methods. It is difficult to remember all the danger signs, particularly if a person has little formal education. You need to work with the community and with other health providers to increase awareness of women and other community members of the danger signs, and of the importance of reaching an appropriate care provider urgently if any should appear. Once again it is important to ensure emergency transport schemes are in place (Session 7).
It will be hard to communicate danger signs without creating fear. When discussing danger signs with women and their families, provide a realistic description that would help them to identify the signs in an emergency. Avoid frightening the woman with the worst-case scenario of what might happen. While complications such as bleeding, obstructed labour or infection are relatively rare, the focus should be on recognition of the signs and awareness of what to do if they occur. While as a health worker you are used to seeing complications, remember for the woman it can be very frightening. Reassure her that you will do everything you can to help her, try to alleviate her fears, and support her, but remember to answer her questions and concerns truthfully. It will not be helpful to make false promises or reassurances about pregnancy outcomes.
Pregnancy is a normal and natural process. Most women do not experience emergencies during pregnancies, but any woman could. Women need to know when to seek care from an appropriate provider. A good counsellor will get the balance right between informing women and their families of the possible danger signs and what to do, and supporting women and their families to enjoy their pregnancy as a happy experience.
You have considered how to communicate danger signs to a woman and her family, as well as the larger community. This has helped you to decide what format can be used to convey issues relating to danger signs. Furthermore, it is important to link discussions of danger signs with a concrete plan (such as the birth and emergency plan in Session 7) in order to ensure that women and their families know where to go during an obstetric emergency, and how to get there urgently.
Do you feel confident about communicating danger signs to women and their families? What else could you do to improve the way you communicate danger signs? What kinds of support materials can you develop? Who else can you work with in the community to raise awareness of emergency signs and the importance of seeking appropriate care when they occur?
The next time you counsel a woman about danger signs, write up what happened and what you did in your notebook. You could then share this with a colleague and ask for feedback on what could have been improved or done differently, as well as what you did well.
In rare cases, a dangerous collection of blood (hematoma) may form on the brain after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that may squeeze the brain against the skull. Call 9-1-1 right away, or take your child or teen to the emergency department if he or she has one or more of the following danger signs after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body:
Proponents of banning cluster bombs say they kill indiscriminately and endanger civilians long after their use. From Syria and Yemen to the Balkans, Afghanistan and Southeast Asia, unexploded ordnance from cluster bombs continues to kill and maim people years or even decades after the munitions were fired.
It also alerts the international community to these situations in the hope that it can join efforts to save these endangered sites. The listing of a site as World Heritage in Danger allows the conservation community to respond to specific preservation needs in an efficient manner. Indeed, the mere prospect of inscribing a site on this List often proves to be effective, and can incite rapid conservation action.
The National Parks of Garamba, Kahuzi-Biega, Salonga, Virunga and the Okapi Wildlife Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Since 1994, all five World Heritage sites of the DRC were inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger as a result of the impact of the war and civil conflicts in the Great Lakes region. In 1999, an international safeguarding campaign was launched by UNESCO together with a number of international conservation NGOs to protect the habitat of endangered species such as the mountain gorilla, the northern white rhino and the okapi. This resulted in a 4-year US$3.5 million emergency programme to save the five sites, funded by the United Nations Foundation and the Government of Belgium. In 2004, international donors, non-governmental organizations and the governments of Belgium and Japan pledged an additional US$50 million to help the Democratic Republic of the Congo rehabilitate these World Heritage parks.
Under the guidelines of CFR Title 33 Part 334, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is charged with prescribing procedures for establishing, amending and disestablishing danger zones and restricted areas; list the specific danger zones and restricted areas and their boundaries; and prescribe specific requirements, access limitations and controlled activities within the danger zones and restricted areas.
Danger zone - A defined water area (or areas) used for target practice, bombing, rocket firing or other especially hazardous operations, normally for the armed forces. The danger zones may be closed to the public on a full-time or intermittent basis, as stated in the regulations.
Many systems and schemes attempt to provide accurate and reliable predictions of fire danger; analyze the fuel, topography, and weather; and integrate their effects into a set of numbers that fire managers can use to meet their needs.
Managers use the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) to input data and to receive information used to determine fire danger in their area. Based on the fire danger, managers may impose restrictions or closures to public lands, plan for or pre-position staff and equipment to fight new fires, and make decisions whether to suppress or allow fires to burn under prescribed conditions.
Fuel moisture is measured for live herbaceous (annual and perennial) and woody (shrubs, branches, and foliage) fuels and dry (dead) fuels. These are calculated values representing approximate moisture content of the fuel. Fuel moisture in live fuels varies through the growing season and between different climate classes. There are 20 different fuel models, representing the variety of vegetation in the area, that a manager can use when calculating fire danger.
Live fuel moisture is the water content of live herbaceous plants expressed as a percentage of the oven-dry weight of the plant. Typical herbaceous fuel moisture values start low and increase rapidly as the growing season progresses. Lower values indicate drier materials and higher fire danger. View the Fuel Moisture Database
Alcohol use and taking opioids or sedative hypnotics, such as sleep and anti-anxiety medications, can increase your risk of an overdose. Examples of these medications include sleep aids, such as zolpidem and eszopiclone, and benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and alprazolam. Even drinking alcohol while taking over-the-counter antihistamines can be dangerous.
Using alcohol with opioid pain relievers, such as oxycodone and morphine, or illicit opioids, such as heroin, is also a very dangerous combination. Like alcohol, these drugs suppress areas in the brain that control vital functions such as breathing. Ingesting alcohol and other drugs together intensifies their individual effects and could produce an overdose with even moderate amounts of alcohol.
Anyone who consumes too much alcohol too quickly may be in danger of an alcohol overdose. This is especially true of individuals who engage in binge drinking or high-intensity drinking. Binge drinking is defined as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08% or higher,* typically occurring after a woman consumes 4 drinks or a man consumes 5 drinks in about 2 hours.1 High-intensity drinking is defined as drinking two or more times the binge-drinking thresholds for women and men.2
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