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Globalization is more than a technical process. While there is a
strong technical component, successful globalization involves changing
the way an organization does business. As long as international
markets are treated as a secondary concern and a place to save on
costs, globalization efforts will not be truly successful. In
particular, globalization is not a process that starts after a product
has been designed. If global concerns and plans for after-market
support are not made even before product development begins, costs
will go up and quality problems will emerge.
Globalization can best be thought of as a cycle rather than a single
process.
In this view, the two primary technical processes that comprise
globalization—internationalization and localization—are seen as part
of a global whole:
Internationalization encompasses the planning and preparation stages
for a product in which it is built by design to support global
markets. This process means that all cultural assumptions are removed
and any country- or language-specific concent is stored externally to
the product so that it can be easily adapted. Localization refers to
the actual adaptation of the product for a specific market. It
includes translation, adaptation of graphics, adoption of local
currencies, use of proper forms for dates, addresses, and phone
numbers, and many other details, including physical structures of
products in some cases. If these details were not anticipated in the
internationalization phase, they must be fixed during localization,
adding time and expense to the project. In extreme cases, products
that were not internationalized may not even be localizable.
Even beyond these processes, globalization encompasses global and
local marketing, local after-market support, the establishment of
local business presence, and many other aspects of global business.