2. Are there any other recommendations that would help narrow down what's causing this?
I've made a number of tests with different solutions (which I'll list below) and I haven't had any luck.
- Used different GCLIDs
- Checked that the timestamps between the date of the gclid and click are correct
- Verified authentication tokens
Also, I would like to point out that I am using the exact same configuration for another action without any problems. the configuration is identical, which leads me to believe that this is related to the conversion data (amount, timestamps ect...).