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Electric Circuit Grade 11 Notes Pdf Download
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Chrystal Imaizumi
Jan 3, 2024, 10:42:59 PM1/3/24
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A circuit is a closed loop or pathway that allows electricity to flow. You can think of it as a special route that electricity takes to power things like lights, toys, or electronic devices. A circuit is made up of different parts, including a power source (like a battery), wires to carry the electricity, and something that uses the electricity, like a light bulb or a fan. When everything is connected in the right way, electricity can move through the circuit and make things work. So, a circuit is how we make electricity do useful things!
electric circuit grade 11 notes pdf download
Download File https://pistpamboda.blogspot.com/?a=2x28VN
Teach Starter has developed a set of guided notes to use with your class when teaching about circuits and electricity. This teacher-created resource was designed to be used alongside our Electricity and Circuits Slide Deck.
In this task, students learn to assemble a simple electrical circuit. Then, students design and conduct an investigation to compare the conductivities of different materials. Finally, students use their knowledge learned from comparing circuits having one or two light bulbs to design and conduct an investigation to determine which of two black boxes contains a light bulb.
The point where these electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the source of electrons and their exit point is called the return as the electrons always end up at the source when they complete the path.
A battery is a collection of cells. A cell is a single unit that converts chemicals stored in it into electricity. It produces a voltage or the force that drives electric current through the circuit. It produces the flow of electrons. A cell stops functioning when the chemicals present in it get over. It needs to be replaced or recharged after that. A battery has two terminals- a positive terminal (top) and a negative terminal (bottom). A cell and a battery are represented as shown beside.
When we connect these two terminals with a connecting wire, a circuit is formed and electrons start to flow from the negative terminal towards the positive terminal. However, the direction of flow of electric current is in the reverse direction and it flows from the positive to the negative terminal.
An electric bulb is a simple device and thus, we will be using its example. It is built in such a way that when it is connected to a circuit the connecting wires inside it join the circuit, completing the pathway. The part of the bulb that glows is called a filament and is made up of a special metal that gets heated until it starts to glow. For e.g. the filament in the bulb below is made of tungsten. When the filament breaks, it breaks the circuit, stopping the flow of electric current, and thus, the bulb stops glowing.
Wires are made of metals that are good conductors of electricity, and can easily be stretched, a property known as ductility. Copper and Aluminum are ductile, good conductors, and economical to use for this purpose. Electrical wires are insulated with rubber-like polymers or PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Insulators prevent leakage of electric current to neighboring conductors and preserve the wires inside from environmental threats like water and heat. If there is a gap in the wires, the circuit is said to be incomplete and the device connected to it will not work like the bulb in the picture below. They are represented by straight lines in a circuit diagram.
It is an electrical component that can connect or disconnect the path in an electrical circuit. The electric current stops flowing when the path is disconnected or the switch is off. The electric current continues to flow when the switch is in on position. A switch enables us to disconnect a device or an appliance when it is not in use. Hence, it helps us save electricity.
It is an electrical component with two terminals that implements controlled resistance to the flow of electric current in a circuit by limiting it. It is made up of a mix of carbon and ceramic. It represented by zigzag lines.
An electric circuit is a closed loop or pathway that enables the flow of electric current. It consists of interconnected electrical components, such as conductors, switches, resistors, and loads, through which the electricity can travel.
The primary purpose of an electric circuit is to provide a controlled path for the flow of electric current, allowing it to power various electrical devices and perform useful functions, such as lighting a bulb or running electronic devices.
An electric circuit typically includes components like a power source (such as a battery or power supply), conductive wires, switches (to control the flow of current), and loads (devices that consume electrical energy, like light bulbs or motors).
Electric circuits work by allowing the flow of electric charges (electrons) from the power source through the conductive wires to the various components in the circuit. The electrons move from the negative terminal of the power source to the positive terminal, creating a continuous flow of electric current.
There are two main types of electric circuits: series circuits and parallel circuits. In a series circuit, the components are connected sequentially, creating a single path for the current. In a parallel circuit, the components are connected in multiple branches, allowing current to flow through different paths.
Electricity plays a central role in many modern technologies, serving in electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment, and in electronics dealing with electrical circuits involving active components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons.[41] However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation.
Experimentation by Faraday in 1831 revealed that a wire moving perpendicular to a magnetic field developed a potential difference between its ends. Further analysis of this process, known as electromagnetic induction, enabled him to state the principle, now known as Faraday's law of induction, that the potential difference induced in a closed circuit is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. Exploitation of this discovery enabled him to invent the first electrical generator in 1831, in which he converted the mechanical energy of a rotating copper disc to electrical energy.[52] Faraday's disc was inefficient and of no use as a practical generator, but it showed the possibility of generating electric power using magnetism, a possibility that would be taken up by those that followed on from his work.[53]
As mentioned in the previous section of Lesson 4, two or more electrical devices in a circuit can be connected by series connections or by parallel connections. When all the devices are connected using series connections, the circuit is referred to as a series circuit. In a series circuit, each device is connected in a manner such that there is only one pathway by which charge can traverse the external circuit. Each charge passing through the loop of the external circuit will pass through each resistor in consecutive fashion.
The current in a series circuit is everywhere the same. Charge does NOT pile up and begin to accumulate at any given location such that the current at one location is more than at other locations. Charge does NOT become used up by resistors such that there is less of it at one location compared to another. The charges can be thought of as marching together through the wires of an electric circuit, everywhere marching at the same rate. Current - the rate at which charge flows - is everywhere the same. It is the same at the first resistor as it is at the last resistor as it is in the battery. Mathematically, one might write
As discussed in Lesson 1, the electrochemical cell of a circuit supplies energy to the charge to move it through the cell and to establish an electric potential difference across the two ends of the external circuit. A 1.5-volt cell will establish an electric potential difference across the external circuit of 1.5 volts. This is to say that the electric potential at the positive terminal is 1.5 volts greater than at the negative terminal. As charge moves through the external circuit, it encounters a loss of 1.5 volts of electric potential. This loss in electric potential is referred to as a voltage drop. It occurs as the electrical energy of the charge is transformed to other forms of energy (thermal, light, mechanical, etc.) within the resistors or loads. If an electric circuit powered by a 1.5-volt cell is equipped with more than one resistor, then the cumulative loss of electric potential is 1.5 volts. There is a voltage drop for each resistor, but the sum of these voltage drops is 1.5 volts - the same as the voltage rating of the power supply. This concept can be expressed mathematically by the following equation:
To illustrate this mathematical principle in action, consider the two circuits shown below in Diagrams A and B. Suppose that you were to asked to determine the two unknown values of the electric potential difference across the light bulbs in each circuit. To determine their values, you would have to use the equation above. The battery is depicted by its customary schematic symbol and its voltage is listed next to it. Determine the voltage drop for the two light bulbs and then click the Check Answers button to see if you are correct.
35fe9a5643
electric circuit grade 11 notes pdf download
Download File https://pistpamboda.blogspot.com/?a=2x28VN
Teach Starter has developed a set of guided notes to use with your class when teaching about circuits and electricity. This teacher-created resource was designed to be used alongside our Electricity and Circuits Slide Deck.
In this task, students learn to assemble a simple electrical circuit. Then, students design and conduct an investigation to compare the conductivities of different materials. Finally, students use their knowledge learned from comparing circuits having one or two light bulbs to design and conduct an investigation to determine which of two black boxes contains a light bulb.
The point where these electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the source of electrons and their exit point is called the return as the electrons always end up at the source when they complete the path.
A battery is a collection of cells. A cell is a single unit that converts chemicals stored in it into electricity. It produces a voltage or the force that drives electric current through the circuit. It produces the flow of electrons. A cell stops functioning when the chemicals present in it get over. It needs to be replaced or recharged after that. A battery has two terminals- a positive terminal (top) and a negative terminal (bottom). A cell and a battery are represented as shown beside.
When we connect these two terminals with a connecting wire, a circuit is formed and electrons start to flow from the negative terminal towards the positive terminal. However, the direction of flow of electric current is in the reverse direction and it flows from the positive to the negative terminal.
An electric bulb is a simple device and thus, we will be using its example. It is built in such a way that when it is connected to a circuit the connecting wires inside it join the circuit, completing the pathway. The part of the bulb that glows is called a filament and is made up of a special metal that gets heated until it starts to glow. For e.g. the filament in the bulb below is made of tungsten. When the filament breaks, it breaks the circuit, stopping the flow of electric current, and thus, the bulb stops glowing.
Wires are made of metals that are good conductors of electricity, and can easily be stretched, a property known as ductility. Copper and Aluminum are ductile, good conductors, and economical to use for this purpose. Electrical wires are insulated with rubber-like polymers or PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Insulators prevent leakage of electric current to neighboring conductors and preserve the wires inside from environmental threats like water and heat. If there is a gap in the wires, the circuit is said to be incomplete and the device connected to it will not work like the bulb in the picture below. They are represented by straight lines in a circuit diagram.
It is an electrical component that can connect or disconnect the path in an electrical circuit. The electric current stops flowing when the path is disconnected or the switch is off. The electric current continues to flow when the switch is in on position. A switch enables us to disconnect a device or an appliance when it is not in use. Hence, it helps us save electricity.
It is an electrical component with two terminals that implements controlled resistance to the flow of electric current in a circuit by limiting it. It is made up of a mix of carbon and ceramic. It represented by zigzag lines.
An electric circuit is a closed loop or pathway that enables the flow of electric current. It consists of interconnected electrical components, such as conductors, switches, resistors, and loads, through which the electricity can travel.
The primary purpose of an electric circuit is to provide a controlled path for the flow of electric current, allowing it to power various electrical devices and perform useful functions, such as lighting a bulb or running electronic devices.
An electric circuit typically includes components like a power source (such as a battery or power supply), conductive wires, switches (to control the flow of current), and loads (devices that consume electrical energy, like light bulbs or motors).
Electric circuits work by allowing the flow of electric charges (electrons) from the power source through the conductive wires to the various components in the circuit. The electrons move from the negative terminal of the power source to the positive terminal, creating a continuous flow of electric current.
There are two main types of electric circuits: series circuits and parallel circuits. In a series circuit, the components are connected sequentially, creating a single path for the current. In a parallel circuit, the components are connected in multiple branches, allowing current to flow through different paths.
Electricity plays a central role in many modern technologies, serving in electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment, and in electronics dealing with electrical circuits involving active components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons.[41] However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation.
Experimentation by Faraday in 1831 revealed that a wire moving perpendicular to a magnetic field developed a potential difference between its ends. Further analysis of this process, known as electromagnetic induction, enabled him to state the principle, now known as Faraday's law of induction, that the potential difference induced in a closed circuit is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. Exploitation of this discovery enabled him to invent the first electrical generator in 1831, in which he converted the mechanical energy of a rotating copper disc to electrical energy.[52] Faraday's disc was inefficient and of no use as a practical generator, but it showed the possibility of generating electric power using magnetism, a possibility that would be taken up by those that followed on from his work.[53]
As mentioned in the previous section of Lesson 4, two or more electrical devices in a circuit can be connected by series connections or by parallel connections. When all the devices are connected using series connections, the circuit is referred to as a series circuit. In a series circuit, each device is connected in a manner such that there is only one pathway by which charge can traverse the external circuit. Each charge passing through the loop of the external circuit will pass through each resistor in consecutive fashion.
The current in a series circuit is everywhere the same. Charge does NOT pile up and begin to accumulate at any given location such that the current at one location is more than at other locations. Charge does NOT become used up by resistors such that there is less of it at one location compared to another. The charges can be thought of as marching together through the wires of an electric circuit, everywhere marching at the same rate. Current - the rate at which charge flows - is everywhere the same. It is the same at the first resistor as it is at the last resistor as it is in the battery. Mathematically, one might write
As discussed in Lesson 1, the electrochemical cell of a circuit supplies energy to the charge to move it through the cell and to establish an electric potential difference across the two ends of the external circuit. A 1.5-volt cell will establish an electric potential difference across the external circuit of 1.5 volts. This is to say that the electric potential at the positive terminal is 1.5 volts greater than at the negative terminal. As charge moves through the external circuit, it encounters a loss of 1.5 volts of electric potential. This loss in electric potential is referred to as a voltage drop. It occurs as the electrical energy of the charge is transformed to other forms of energy (thermal, light, mechanical, etc.) within the resistors or loads. If an electric circuit powered by a 1.5-volt cell is equipped with more than one resistor, then the cumulative loss of electric potential is 1.5 volts. There is a voltage drop for each resistor, but the sum of these voltage drops is 1.5 volts - the same as the voltage rating of the power supply. This concept can be expressed mathematically by the following equation:
To illustrate this mathematical principle in action, consider the two circuits shown below in Diagrams A and B. Suppose that you were to asked to determine the two unknown values of the electric potential difference across the light bulbs in each circuit. To determine their values, you would have to use the equation above. The battery is depicted by its customary schematic symbol and its voltage is listed next to it. Determine the voltage drop for the two light bulbs and then click the Check Answers button to see if you are correct.
35fe9a5643
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