Embedded System Design Textbook

[Kayleen Dauteuil]

Aunique feature of this open access textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. It starts with an introduction to the field and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, including real-time operating systems. The author also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems and provides an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms, including multi-core platforms. Embedded systems have to operate under tight constraints and, hence, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques, including software optimization techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. This fourth edition has been updated andrevised to reflect new trends and technologies, such as the importance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of things (IoT), the evolution of single-core processors to multi-core processors, and the increased importance of energy efficiency and thermal issues.

This book strives to identify and introduce the durable intellectual ideas of embedded systems as a technology and as a subject of study. The emphasis is on modeling, design, and analysis of cyber-physical systems,which integrate computing, networking, and physical processes.

The most visible use of computers and software is processing information for human consumption. The vast majority of computers in use, however, are much less visible. They run the engine, brakes, seatbelts, airbag, and audio system in your car. They digitally encode your voice and construct a radio signal to send it from your cell phone to a base station. They command robots on a factory floor, power generation in a power plant, processes in a chemical plant, and traffic lights in a city. These less visible computers are called embedded systems, and the software they run is called embedded software. The principal challenges in designing and analyzing embedded systems stem from their interaction with physical processes. This book takes a cyber-physical approach to embedded systems, introducing the engineering concepts underlying embedded systems as a technology and as a subject of study. The focus is on modeling, design, and analysis of cyber-physical systems, which integrate computation, networking, and physical processes.

The second edition offers two new chapters, several new exercises, and other improvements. The book can be used as a textbook at the advanced undergraduate or introductory graduate level and as a professional reference for practicing engineers and computer scientists. Readers should have some familiarity with machine structures, computer programming, basic discrete mathematics and algorithms, and signals and systems.

In this new edition all code is refreshed to match the new mbed operating system, and much new code is introduced. The principles of real-time operating systems are explained, and the capabilities of the mbed RTOS are clearly demonstrated. This third edition will readily form the basis of introductory and intermediate university or college courses in embedded systems.

Undergraduate students studying embedded systems using ARM technology/ Navstem estimated total annual US enrollment for embedded systems design courses in 2020 at 11,900 students, up 1% from the prior year. The market is quite segmented into more general embedded systems texts like our own Computers as Components by Marilyn Wolf and texts focusing on design using a specific technology, such as Toulson and Wilmshurst. Professional embedded systems engineers, and software engineers developing embedded systems.

Rob Toulson is a Visiting Professor at the University of Westminster, as well as founder and director of RT Sixty, a company that develops innovative applications for the audiovisual and music industries. His expertise covers a broad range of fields, including mobile application development, digital signal processing, embedded systems, musical acoustics, music production, and interactive sound design.

Tom Spink is a lecturer in computer science at the University of St Andrews. Throughout his research, he has pioneered the use of hardware virtualization support for dynamic binary translation, and he is currently investigating how Internet of Things systems can be efficiently simulated at scale. He is broadly interested in the area of computer systems, and more specifically compilers, runtimes, virtualization, and operating systems.

Embedded system, as a subject, is an amalgamation of different domains, such as digital design, architecture, operating systems, interfaces, and algorithmic optimization techniques. This book acquaints the students with the alternatives and intricacies of embedded system design. It is designed as a textbook for the undergraduate students of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Information Communication Technology (ICT), as well as for the postgraduate students of Computer Applications (MCA).

While in the hardware platform the book explains the role of microcontrollers and introduces one of the most widely used embedded processors, ARM; it also deliberates on other alternatives, DSP, FPD and IC. It provides a good overview of the interfacing standards covering RS232C, RS422, RS485, USB, IrDA, Bluetooth, and CAN.

In the software domain, the book introduces the features of real-time operating systems for use in embedded applications. Various scheduling algorithms have been discussed with their merits and demerits. The existing real-time operating systems have been surveyed. Guided by cost and performance requirements, embedded applications are often implemented partly in hardware and partly in software. This book covers the different optimization techniques proposed in the literature to take a judicious decision about this partitioning of application tasks. Power-aware design of embedded systems has also been dealt with.

The campus of TU Dortmund University is located close to interstate junction Dortmund West, where the Sauerlandlinie A 45 (Frankfurt-Dortmund) crosses the Ruhrschnellweg B 1 / A 40. The best interstate exit to take from A 45 is "Dortmund-Eichlinghofen" (closer to Campus Sd), and from B 1 / A 40 "Dortmund-Dorstfeld" (closer to Campus Nord). Signs for the university are located at both exits. Also, there is a new exit before you pass over the B 1-bridge leading into Dortmund.

To get from Campus Nord to Campus Sd by car, there is the connection via Vogelpothsweg/Baroper Strae. We recommend you leave your car on one of the parking lots at Campus Nord and use the H-Bahn (suspended monorail system), which conveniently connects the two campuses.

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The H-Bahn is one of the hallmarks of TU Dortmund University. There are two stations on Campus Nord. One ("Dortmund Universitt S") is directly located at the suburban train stop, which connects the university directly with the city of Dortmund and the rest of the Ruhr Area. Also from this station, there are connections to the "Technologiepark" and (via Campus Sd) Eichlinghofen. The other station is located at the dining hall at Campus Nord and offers a direct connection to Campus Sd every five minutes.

The facilities of TU Dortmund University are spread over two campuses, the larger Campus North and the smaller Campus South. Additionally, some areas of the university are located in the adjacent "Technologiepark".

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