Surveying Principles And Applications Pdf

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Cecelia Seiner

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Aug 4, 2024, 2:29:18 PM8/4/24
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Allarticles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.


Abstract: Satellite time series with high spatial resolution is critical for monitoring land surface dynamics in heterogeneous landscapes. Although remote sensing technologies have experienced rapid development in recent years, data acquired from a single satellite sensor are often unable to satisfy our demand. As a result, integrated use of data from different sensors has become increasingly popular in the past decade. Many spatiotemporal data fusion methods have been developed to produce synthesized images with both high spatial and temporal resolutions from two types of satellite images, frequent coarse-resolution images, and sparse fine-resolution images. These methods were designed based on different principles and strategies, and therefore show different strengths and limitations. This diversity brings difficulties for users to choose an appropriate method for their specific applications and data sets. To this end, this review paper investigates literature on current spatiotemporal data fusion methods, categorizes existing methods, discusses the principal laws underlying these methods, summarizes their potential applications, and proposes possible directions for future studies in this field. Keywords: spatiotemporal data fusion; data blending; spatial resolution; temporal resolution; satellite images


The PS exam tests your ability to practice within the surveying profession competently. It is designed for surveyors who have gained at least four years of professional experience. The PS exam is administered year-round via computer-based testing (CBT) at approved Pearson VUE test centers. A $375 exam fee is payable directly to NCEES.


Examinees register and schedule appointments through their MyNCEES accounts. During the registration process, examinees select their exam location. Next, they are presented with a list of available exam dates. If examinees are not happy with the choices, they can browse through the available dates at other NCEES-approved test centers.


All results are reported as pass or fail. If you fail the examination, you will receive a diagnostic report showing your performance for each of the major topics covered on the exam. You will not receive a diagnostic report if you pass the examination.


You may cancel your exam registration through your MyNCEES account any time before the NCEES registration deadline. Refunds will include exam fees paid to NCEES during the registration process, minus a $50 processing fee.


If, on the day of the exam, you are unable to attend for one of the following reasons, you may submit documentation to request a refund of your fees (less the $50 processing fee). Documentation must be submitted to NCEES within 30 days of the exam date.


The Commonwealth of the NorthernMariana Islands does not require examinees to submit an application or an additional fee prior to registering with NCEES and scheduling an exam. Examinees may register for their exams by creating a MyNCEES account.


The Puerto Ricoboard requiresFE examinees to complete the NCEES exam registration process prior to submittingan application with Didaxis, their testing administrator, andscheduling an exam. Examinees should contact Didaxis for details.

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