We're super excited to announce Matthias Merkel's November lecture (thanks very much Matthias for stepping in!) on
Oriented flows in multi-cellular systems
November 20, 5-6pm CET.
Zoom link: coming soon!
Abstract
A
key morphogenetic process during animal development is convergent
extension (CE). From a physics perspective, tissues undergoing CE can be
described as oriented active materials. However, active matter physics
predicts that such materials are inherently unstable, raising the
question of how CE can be robust during development. During his talk,
Matthias will show that the presence of a signaling gradient can
stabilize CE, but only if it acts to actively extend the tissue along
the gradient direction. Conversely, tissues are unstable if they tend to
actively contract along the gradient direction. Intriguingly,
developing tissues seem to exclusively use the gradient-extensile and
not the unstable gradient-contractile coupling. This suggests that the
active matter instability acts as an evolutionary selection criterion.
In other words, his lab's work points to a new principle of
multi-cellular development that is directly rooted in active matter
physics. He will further discuss oriented flows in the context of body
axis formation. Most animals display one or more body axes (e.g.
head-to-tail, dorsal-ventral, left-right). His team has demonstrated
that the formation of the primary, head-to-tail, axis can be promoted by
large-scale tissue flows. Specifically, we study aggregates of mouse
embryonic stem cells, called gastruloids, which are initially
spherically symmetric, but later form an axis defined by the polarized
expression of the transcription factor T/Brachyury. They show that
advection of cells with tissue flows contribute substantially to the
overall polarization, and that these flows are driven by effective
interface and surface tension differences.
Further information