Focus Movie Malayalam Subtitle

[Pinkie Pappalardo]

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In 1999, the district did extensive surveys and focus groups including businesses, parents, students and staff, about what 21st Century High Schools should look like. The feedback was for students to have a focused area of study in high school that provided world-class programs to teach skills and attributes that would "prepare them for their future."

The 21st Century "Programs" began in 2003 with two at North and two at Northwest. A fifth academy was added at North in 2004. Four site-based programs were added in 2005 at South and East. And then another added in 2009 at North. In 2017, they were re-branded as the 21st Century Academies and in the fall of that year, six new academies were launched at West, South, and East. There are a total of 15 academies across the five high schools serving over 2500 students.

Take a journey inside a leaf of a redwood tree! Enter the stoma and view the inside of a plant cell, translucent enough to capture light from the sun. Fly by familiar structures like the nucleus and mitochondria, and settle into the chloroplast to watch photosynthesis at work. Reflect on the change in scale as you travel down to the molecular level!

Turn on the subtitles of the annotated version of this video by clicking the CC icon, or read through this transcript, to better understand what is being illustrated and what is intentionally left out.

Before Watching

Explain that the classroom will represent a leaf, and that each table within the classroom will represent a cell within the leaf. To visualize this "classroom as a leaf," watch the brief video.

While Watching

Clarify that in order to see parts of the system well, the animators removed other elements of this visual molecular model, including water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and photons. So, the class will visualize the movement of those key players in an active simulation.

After Watching

Proceed to explain the rules of the active model, in which students will use ping pong balls and egg cartons to simulate the production of sugar molecules to store energy (photosynthesis).

Need to jazz up your cellular structure and function unit? Start by allowing students to sit in the inquiry seat. For this exercise, show the video, and consider stopping the clip at 1:45 so that you don't dive all the way to the single molecule level.

Before Watching

Explain that they are aliens who have come to visit Earth to study it, and their technology allows them to change size to view things at smaller scales. After watching this video, each table group will be responsible for describing what they witnessed, creating new names for things using made-up terms in the alien language.

After Watching

Have table groups pick the view most interesting to them for the alien assignment: make a funny description of at least one structure they see, being sure to describe the structure and make a prediction as to its function--even if wild! Groups should also name the structure. You can model this at the stoma view (0:37) by saying something like "As we approached the green wall, we entered what looked to be a volcano with a wide rim stuffed with pea-shaped thingamabobs. We might guess this volcano is used to spit out arrows at intruders, so we'll call it the Pea-Spitter for now."

As groups share out, students can jot down these fake names and functions into their notebook. The idea here is to highlight the important biological tenet of structure and function and harness the creativity of your students to create a shared language as you enter what some find a tedious unit. Then, proceed to your standard curriculum!

Before Watching

Share how scientists learn different things by observing a phenomenon or system at different scales. The clip starts viewing the branch of a redwood tree, familiar to our naked eye as being less than a meter long. Several times throughout the animation the view changes scale, as indicated by the flashing magnifying glass.

After Watching

Spend several class periods completing the How Big is Big? (Grades 6-12) lesson, which allows students to practice mathematics and computational thinking to create scale models on their own.

To animate a scientifically accurate leaf, artists studied the texture of a redwood leaf specimen on a glass slide at high resolution. They even counted the stomata, and used that exact count for this film!

Because light is required for photosynthesis, the plant cells and their associated organelles must be translucent to allow light to pervade the space. That's why you'll see translucent organelles in this visualization. Animators, however, "lit up" the color to make the interior of the cell appear bright.

In order to see parts of the system well, the animators removed other elements of this visual molecular model, including water, oxygen, various proteins, ADP, photons, and electrons. Instead of seeing all reactants and products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, the animation focuses on the cellular machinery that allows for the creation of ATP.

There are several factors at play when it comes to OTT subscription in India, from pricing and perceptions about value for money to widespread piracy through websites and Telegram groups that allow viewers to watch content for free. But even if a user were to be drawn into the OTT world despite these factors, how good is the content getting picked by these players? Especially for a south Indian audience that's not already on these platforms, and isn't necessarily into international content yet?

SonyLiv was the first OTT service to be launched in India, in 2013. Hotstar was launched in India in 2015 by the Star group and was eventually bought over by Disney in 2019; Netflix and Amazon Prime Video came to India in 2016, with the former getting a headstart; Zee5 entered the market in 2018. In 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic forcing nationwide theatre shutdowns and desperate film industries turning to OTT platforms to make and release films, the game has considerably changed. OTT platforms are not only focusing on wooing urban, metro audiences but also viewers from tier-2, tier-3 cities, and small towns.

According to reports, India has over 500 million (and growing) smartphone users, which makes it an extremely attractive market for OTT platforms. But India is also a very diverse country, with several languages and differing sensibilities when it comes to consuming content. Apart from the pricing, packages and deals (Disney+Hotstar, for instance, has rights to stream sporting events like the IPL and ICC World Cup while Amazon Prime Video comes with Prime delivery, Prime music and more), understanding the cultural differences and preferences is key to attracting new audiences.

In an attempt to capture a wider market, Netflix slashed prices for Indian consumers in December 2021 by 60% for its basic plan that allows viewers to watch content on mobile screens. The move is a clear signal that the company, which had previously targeted English-speaking, upwardly mobile, urban households in India, wants to compete with Disney+Hotstar and Amazon Prime Video that have better pricing and packages in terms of content and screen options. All of them are gunning to expand their reach across the country.

Disney+Hotstar, which has a fairly large collection of old Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu films, has mostly come up with underwhelming direct-to-OTT south Indian films, be it Anabelle Sethupathi (Tamil), Keshu Ee Veedinte Nadhan (Malayalam) or BroDaddy (Malayalam).

SonyLiv, however, is quickly making a name for itself as a platform that chooses quality content, with direct-to-OTT films like Thinkalazhcha Nishchayam (Malayalam), SkyLab (Telugu) and Bhoothakaalam (Malayalam).

Netflix made a big splash with Sacred Games in 2018, its first Indian original. Subsequently, Delhi Crime (2019) became the first Indian web series to win an international Emmy. There have also been some series, documentaries and films like Little Things, Lust Stories, Ajeeb Dastaans (in particular the Geeli Pucchi short film), House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths, Kota Factory, Bombay Begums and Indian Matchmaking among others that have generated discussions on social media. But the general impression among viewers is that Netflix has squandered its initial advantage because of poor content strategy.

All of the content mentioned above is in Hindi, and though many viewers from the south also watch such films and series with or without subtitles, the mediocre south Indian originals made by these streaming giants are unlikely to attract new subscribers from non-metro regions in the south.

But while OTT platforms are making some headway in Hindi, their strategy in the south definitely needs tinkering, if not an overhaul. Why, for instance, would Netflix invest in Meenakshi Sundareshwar, a Hindi film set in Tamil Nadu with Hindi actors playing Tamil characters who speak Hindi??! Why not invest in a Tamil film or series instead? The decision also shows the team's ignorance of attitudes towards Hindi in Tamil Nadu, a state that has a long history of resisting Hindi imposition.

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