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【會計學概論】固定資產折舊
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Julie
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Jul 25, 2011, 11:33:07 AM
7/25/11
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折舊的基本概念:
固定資產成本於耐用年限內,以合理而有系統的方法,轉列為費用的過程,即稱為折舊。
折舊是"成本的分攤",提列折舊符合"收益與費用配合原則",簡稱"配合原則"。
折舊的方法:
平均法:直線法、工作時間法、生產數量法
加速折舊法:變率遞減法、定率遞減法、倍率遞減法
特殊折舊法 :盤存法、報廢法、重置法
商業會計法第47條:固定資產之折舊方法,以採用平均法、定率遞減法、年數合計法、生產數量法、工作時間法或其他經主管機關核定之折舊方法為準;
平均法:
直線法:每年折舊額=(成本-殘值)/估計耐用年限 *依固資估計使用年數,每期提相同之折舊額
工作時間法:每小時折舊額=(成本-殘值)/估計總工作時間;每年折舊額=每小時折舊額X每年實際工作時間
生產數量法:每單位折舊額=(成本-殘值)/估計總工作數量;每年折舊額=每單位折舊額X每年實際生產量
加速折舊法
變率遞減法(年數合計法):以固資之應折舊總額X折舊率(分母=使用年數合計,分子=折舊年限-己用年數)
折舊率=(n,n-1,n-2,....1)/(1+2+3+...+n)
第一年折舊額=應折舊總額X(n/(1+2+3+..n))
第二年折舊額=應折舊總額X((n-1)/(1+2+3+..n))
第三年折舊額=應折舊總額X((n-2)/(1+2+3+..n))
第n年折舊額=應折舊總額X(1/(1+2+3+..n))
Julie
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Jul 26, 2011, 9:15:25 AM
7/26/11
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商業會計法第46條:固定資產耐用年限屆滿,仍可繼續使用者,得就殘值繼續提列折舊。
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