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【會計學概論】存貨跌價損失 Inventory Falling Loss
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Julie
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Jul 26, 2011, 9:34:10 AM
7/26/11
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何謂存貨跌價損失?
係指計提存貨跌價準備的企業由於存貨毀壞、全部或部份陳舊過時或銷售價格低於成本等原因,使存貨成本不可收回而產生的損失。
存貨跌價損失處理
資產負債表日,存貨應按照成本與可變現淨值孰低計量,存貨成本高於可變現淨值,應當提列存貨跌價準備,計入當期損益。
同時,企業應確定存貨的可變現淨值,以前減記存貨價值的影響因素消失時,原已計提的存貨跌價準備金額應轉回,計入當期損益。
Julie
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Jul 26, 2011, 9:45:33 AM
7/26/11
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商業會計法第43條規定
商品存貨、存料、在製品、製成品、副產品等存貨之衡量,以實際成本為原則;成本高於淨變現價值時,應以淨變現價值為準。跌價損失應列銷貨成本。
所稱淨變現價值,係指企業預期正常營業出售存貨所能取得的淨額。
第一項成本得按存貨之種類或性質,採用個別辨認法、先進先出法、加權平均法、移動平均法或其他經主管機關核定之方法計算之。
個別辨認法:個別存貨以其實際成本,作為領用或售出之成本。
先進先出法:同種類或同性質之存貨,依照取得次序,以其最先進入部分之成本,作為最先領用或售出部份之成本。
加權平均法:同種類或同性質之存貨,本期各批取得總價額與期初餘額之合/該項存貨本期各批取得數量與期初數量之和,所得之平均單價,作為本期領用或售出部分之成本。
移動平均法:同種類或同性質之存貨,各次取得之數量及價格與其前存餘額,合併計算所得之加權平均單價,作為領用或售出部分之平均單位成本。
Julie
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Jul 26, 2011, 10:17:38 AM
7/26/11
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財務會計準則第10號公報-存貨之會計處理原則
淨變現價值:指在正常情況下之估計售價減除至完工尚需投入之成本及銷售費用後之餘額。
公平價值:係指雙方對交易事項已充分瞭解並有成交意願,在正常交易下劇以達成資產交換或負債清償之金額。
存貨遇有淨變現價值下跌時,由於資產價值業已減損,宜以成本與淨變現價值孰低衡量。
淨變現價值係指企業預期正常營業出售存貨所能取得之淨額。
公平價值則反映於交易市場中對相同存貨已有充分瞭解並有成交易願之買賣雙方據以達成交換之金額。
淨變現價值不一定與公平價值相同。
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