How To Find An Electronic Car Key
Sanny Olafeso
Federal case files are maintained electronically and are available through the internet-based Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER) service. PACER allows anyone with an account to search and locate appellate, district, and bankruptcy court case and docket information. Register for a PACER account.
Most cases created before 1999 are maintained in paper format only. Access paper case files from the court, where the case was filed, or at one of the Federal Records Centers (FRCs). Contact the court where the case was filed for more information.
All bankruptcy courts have a telephone information system, also known as the Voice Case Information System, that enables callers to obtain basic case information through a touchtone phone. This is free to use and available 24 hours a day.
Court opinions are available for free on PACER to anyone with an account. Additionally, access to court opinions from many appellate, district, and bankruptcy courts are available for no fee in a text searchable format through a partnership with the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), consistent with the E-Government Act.
When court records and case files are eligible for permanent preservation, they are transferred to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) for storage and preservation. These records can be accessed directly from NARA.
Individual researchers working on defined research projects intended for scholarly work can use the attached form (pdf) to request PACER fee exemptions from multiple courts. In accordance with the EPA fee schedule, the request should be limited in scope, and not be intended for redistribution on the internet or for commercial purposes.
Define the data needs for research using the Federal Court Cases Integrated Database (IDB) provided free of charge by the Federal Judicial Center. The IDB has case data (not documents) for criminal, civil, appellate, and bankruptcy cases that can help researchers refine their requests.
A survey of PACER users, conducted in 2021, measured user satisfaction and identified areas for improvement with PACER services. The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts is using the survey results to evaluate and prioritize future changes to PACER services and features.
When someone files a case in court, the court will keep an official record about the case. The official court record consists of f papers and materials filed in the case. Information about you may be contained in a court case record. For example, if you file a lawsuit claiming another person owes you money, your name and how much money you are asking for will become part of the court case record.
A court may keep a case record in paper or electronic format. A case record kept in electronic format is known as an electronic record. An electronic case record can only be viewed on an electronic device such as a computer, tablet, or cell phone. Not all court case records are available electronically and access to electronic court case records is controlled by law.
The public is allowed to look at most court case records. However, there are some court case records the public may not see. Some laws, rules of court, and court orders make some case records confidential.
In other court cases, there are certain records in the case file that are not available to the public. An example of these is a fee waiver application. The public may be able to see part of the court case file but would not be able to see this record.
Even when the public is not allowed to look at a court case record, there will still be certain people who are allowed to do so. For example, if you are a party in a case, you can look at the court case record even if the public cannot.
How you can access an electronic court case record depends on your relationship to the case. If you are a party to a case, you have full remote access to those case records. If you are a member of the public, there may be limits on what you can see through remote access.
A court that keeps electronic case records must allow the public to see them at the courthouse. If it is feasible for a court to do so, the court also must allow the public remote access to some electronic case records.
As another example in a divorce proceeding, information about you and your marriage could be included in an electronic case record. But the public could not look at the electronic case record using remote access. Members of the public who wanted to see the electronic case record would have to visit the courthouse to do so.
Keep in mind too that all or part of a court case record may be confidential by law or sealed by court order. If so, no member of the public may view the electronic case record, either at the courthouse or through remote access.
The sections below will give you more information about the people who can have full remote access to electronic case records. The sections below only apply if the court is able to provide remote access. Not every court may be able to provide remote access. Even courts that are able to provide it may not yet be able to provide it to everyone listed below.
The Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County provides on-line case information as a public service. This service is intended to be used as a resource to determine the general status of historical and active court cases. The information is not the official record of the court.
The case data available on-line is the electronic docket which contains brief summaries of court documents and court events in a particular case. The electronic docket information available through this service is not the official record of the court.
The official court records are held and maintained in the hard copy paper files in the courthouse or other official Clerk's repositories. Any and all information contained within the on-line database is recorded as a brief summary from the paper documents with an understanding that the information is true and correct in as far as all aspects of the documents physically filed with the Clerk of the Circuit Court.
Based on the procedures used to update the electronic docket search databases, it may sometimes take a few days before updated information is available through the on-line electronic docket search function.
Please note: Neither the Circuit Court of Cook County nor the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County warrants the accuracy, completeness, or the currency of this data. This data is not an official record of the Court or the Clerk and may not be represented as an official court record. If data does not appear in a specific field, we likely do not have the responsive data in our master database.
If you are looking for information on a very recent court filing or event, please check the Circuit Court Clerk's Public Access Terminals located in the courthouses or try the on-line system at later date.
The study is the first to apply to vaping liquids and aerosols an advanced fingerprinting technique used to identify chemicals in food and wastewater. The results, just published in the journal Chemical Research in Toxicology , suggest people who vape are using a product whose risks have yet to be fully determined and could be exposing themselves to chemicals with adverse health effects.
"Existing research that compared e-cigarettes with normal cigarettes found that cigarette contaminants are much lower in e-cigarettes. The problem is that e-cigarette aerosols contain other completely uncharacterized chemicals that might have health risks that we don't yet know about," said senior author Carsten Prasse, an assistant professor of environmental health and engineering at the Whiting School of Engineering and the Bloomberg School of Public Health. "More and more young people are using these e-cigarettes and they need to know what they're being exposed to."
Previous studies of e-cigarettes have looked specifically for evidence of the hazardous chemicals found in traditional cigarettes. But here the researchers performed a nontargeted analysis to explore the full range of chemicals both in the vaping liquid and the aerosols.
"One of the main ways electronic cigarettes have been marketed is that they operate at temperatures below combustion, which would make them safer than traditional smoking," said lead author Mina Tehrani, a postdoctoral fellow in the School of Public Health. "Our study shows that this novel fingerprinting approach can be applied to assess whether combustion-like processes are going on."
The team found nearly 2,000 chemicals, the vast majority of which are unidentified. Of those the team could identify, six substances were potentially harmful, including three chemicals never previously found in e-cigarettes. Tehrani was particularly surprised to find the stimulant caffeine in two of the four products. Caffeine has previously been detected in e-cigarettes but only in the caffeine-oriented flavors like coffee and chocolate.
"People just need to know that they're inhaling a very complex mixture of chemicals when they vape. And for a lot of these compounds we have no idea what they actually are," Prasse said. "I have a problem with how vaping is being marketed as more healthy than smoking cigarettes. In my opinion we are just not at the point when we can really say that."
Authors also include Matthew N. Newmeyer, a postdoctoral fellow at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.
FMCSA maintains several websites that provide easy access to valuable safety-related information. Users only need a company's name, USDOT number or Motor Carrier (MC) Number to perform a search. Read the descriptions below to decide what you need.
DataQs allows you to request and track a review of Federal and State data issued by FMCSA that you feel may be incomplete or incorrect. The system automatically forwards your Request for Data Review (RDR) to the appropriate office for resolution and collects updates and responses for current Requests. NOTE: The sites requires registration for access to data.