第一章 第三节 第一段译文
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无间行者RNA
Apr 10, 2006, 10:34:01 PM4/10/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
The camp of a Roman legion presented the appearance of a fortified
city. As soon as the space was marked out, the pioneers carefully
levelled the ground, and removed every impediment that might interrupt
its perfect regularity. Its form was an exact quadrangle; and we may
calculate, that a square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient
for the encampment of twenty thousand Romans; though a similar number
of our own troops would expose to the enemy a front of more than treble
that extent. In the midst of the camp, the prætorium, or general's
quarters, rose above the others; the cavalry, the infantry, and the
auxiliaries occupied their respective stations; the streets were broad
and perfectly straight, and a vacant space of two hundred feet was left
on all sides between the tents and the rampart. The rampart itself was
usually twelve feet high, armed with a line of strong and intricate
palisades, and defended by a ditch of twelve feet in depth as well as
in breadth. This important labor was performed by the hands of the
legionaries themselves; to whom the use of the spade and the pickaxe
was no less familiar than that of the sword or pilum. Active valor may
often be the present of nature; but such patient diligence can be the
fruit only of habit and discipline.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
罗马军团的营地看上去就像一座防御坚固的堡垒。一旦确定并且标记好营地的范围，前锋兵就开始平整土地，移除可能使营地的形状不那么规则，不那么完美的一切障碍物。营地的形状总是一个完美的正方形。我们可以计算出来，一块大约700码见方的营地足够2000名罗马士兵安营扎寨。因此，在敌我士兵数量相当的情况下，我方士兵将面对正面宽度超过我方3倍的敌军。Prætorium
，也就是指挥部，位于营地的中央，高于整个营地。骑兵，步兵和辅助部队分别在各自的位置就位。营盘中的道路宽阔笔直。营地的四周，在营帐和围墙之间留有200英尺的空间。围墙通常高12英尺，用坚固的，复杂的栅栏加强防御。围墙外围设置有宽12英尺，深12英尺的壕沟。扎营这项重要的工作完全由军团士兵们完成，他们对于锹和镐的熟悉程度绝不亚于他们对于剑和矛的熟悉程度。罗马士兵的勇敢可能是天生的，但是，他们在扎营时显示出的耐心和勤劳只可能是罗马强大的传统和严明的纪律的产物。
city. As soon as the space was marked out, the pioneers carefully
levelled the ground, and removed every impediment that might interrupt
its perfect regularity. Its form was an exact quadrangle; and we may
calculate, that a square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient
for the encampment of twenty thousand Romans; though a similar number
of our own troops would expose to the enemy a front of more than treble
that extent. In the midst of the camp, the prætorium, or general's
quarters, rose above the others; the cavalry, the infantry, and the
auxiliaries occupied their respective stations; the streets were broad
and perfectly straight, and a vacant space of two hundred feet was left
on all sides between the tents and the rampart. The rampart itself was
usually twelve feet high, armed with a line of strong and intricate
palisades, and defended by a ditch of twelve feet in depth as well as
in breadth. This important labor was performed by the hands of the
legionaries themselves; to whom the use of the spade and the pickaxe
was no less familiar than that of the sword or pilum. Active valor may
often be the present of nature; but such patient diligence can be the
fruit only of habit and discipline.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
罗马军团的营地看上去就像一座防御坚固的堡垒。一旦确定并且标记好营地的范围，前锋兵就开始平整土地，移除可能使营地的形状不那么规则，不那么完美的一切障碍物。营地的形状总是一个完美的正方形。我们可以计算出来，一块大约700码见方的营地足够2000名罗马士兵安营扎寨。因此，在敌我士兵数量相当的情况下，我方士兵将面对正面宽度超过我方3倍的敌军。Prætorium
，也就是指挥部，位于营地的中央，高于整个营地。骑兵，步兵和辅助部队分别在各自的位置就位。营盘中的道路宽阔笔直。营地的四周，在营帐和围墙之间留有200英尺的空间。围墙通常高12英尺，用坚固的，复杂的栅栏加强防御。围墙外围设置有宽12英尺，深12英尺的壕沟。扎营这项重要的工作完全由军团士兵们完成，他们对于锹和镐的熟悉程度绝不亚于他们对于剑和矛的熟悉程度。罗马士兵的勇敢可能是天生的，但是，他们在扎营时显示出的耐心和勤劳只可能是罗马强大的传统和严明的纪律的产物。
无间行者RNA
Apr 10, 2006, 11:00:43 PM4/10/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Whenever the trumpet gave the signal of departure, the camp was almost
instantly broke up, and the troops fell into their ranks without delay
or confusion. Besides their arms, which the legendaries scarcely
considered as an encumbrance, they were laden with their kitchen
furniture, the instruments of fortification, and the provision of many
days. Under this weight, which would oppress the delicacy of a modern
soldier, they were trained by a regular step to advance, in about six
hours, near twenty miles. On the appearance of an enemy, they threw
aside their baggage, and by easy and rapid evolutions converted the
column of march into an order of battle. The slingers and archers
skirmished in the front; the auxiliaries formed the first line, and
were seconded or sustained by the strength of the legions; the cavalry
covered the flanks, and the military engines were placed in the rear.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
一旦撤离的号角吹响，整个营盘几乎立刻解体，所有部队立即回归他们原来的战斗序列，没有一刻的拖延和疑惑。除了武器，士兵们还要背起炊事用具，扎营设备以及未来几天的给养，士兵们很少会把这些东西当作累赘。这些装备在今天会大大降低一个士兵的灵活与机动能力。罗马战士是通过逐步的训练才达到背负这些装备在6小时内行军20英里的水平的。一旦在前方出现了敌军，士兵们立刻扔掉他们的背包，以简单而迅速的方式从行进队形转换为战斗队形。投石车和弓箭兵在第一线开始抵抗，辅助部队位于第二线，再往后就是军团主力部队，骑兵掩护两翼，军工器械放在最后。
instantly broke up, and the troops fell into their ranks without delay
or confusion. Besides their arms, which the legendaries scarcely
considered as an encumbrance, they were laden with their kitchen
furniture, the instruments of fortification, and the provision of many
days. Under this weight, which would oppress the delicacy of a modern
soldier, they were trained by a regular step to advance, in about six
hours, near twenty miles. On the appearance of an enemy, they threw
aside their baggage, and by easy and rapid evolutions converted the
column of march into an order of battle. The slingers and archers
skirmished in the front; the auxiliaries formed the first line, and
were seconded or sustained by the strength of the legions; the cavalry
covered the flanks, and the military engines were placed in the rear.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
一旦撤离的号角吹响，整个营盘几乎立刻解体，所有部队立即回归他们原来的战斗序列，没有一刻的拖延和疑惑。除了武器，士兵们还要背起炊事用具，扎营设备以及未来几天的给养，士兵们很少会把这些东西当作累赘。这些装备在今天会大大降低一个士兵的灵活与机动能力。罗马战士是通过逐步的训练才达到背负这些装备在6小时内行军20英里的水平的。一旦在前方出现了敌军，士兵们立刻扔掉他们的背包，以简单而迅速的方式从行进队形转换为战斗队形。投石车和弓箭兵在第一线开始抵抗，辅助部队位于第二线，再往后就是军团主力部队，骑兵掩护两翼，军工器械放在最后。
无间行者RNA
Apr 11, 2006, 9:47:38 AM4/11/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Such were the arts of war, by which the Roman emperors defended their
extensive conquests, and preserved a military spirit, at a time when
every other virtue was oppressed by luxury and despotism. If, in the
consideration of their armies, we pass from their discipline to their
numbers, we shall not find it easy to define them with any tolerable
accuracy. We may compute, however, that the legion, which was itself a
body of six thousand eight hundred and thirty-one Romans, might, with
its attendant auxiliaries, amount to about twelve thousand five hundred
men. The peace establishment of Hadrian and his successors was composed
of no less than thirty of these formidable brigades; and most probably
formed a standing force of three hundred and seventy-five thousand men.
Instead of being confined within the walls of fortified cities, which
the Romans considered as the refuge of weakness or pusillanimity, the
legions were encamped on the banks of the great rivers, and along the
frontiers of the barbarians. As their stations, for the most part,
remained fixed and permanent, we may venture to describe the
distribution of the troops. Three legions were sufficient for Britain.
The principal strength lay upon the Rhine and Danube, and consisted of
sixteen legions, in the following proportions: two in the Lower, and
three in the Upper Germany; one in Rhætia, one in Noricum, four
in Pannonia, three in Mæsia, and two in Dacia.The defence of the
Euphrates was intrusted to eight legions, six of whom were planted in
Syria, and the other two in Cappadocia. With regard to Egypt, Africa,
and Spain, as they were far removed from any important scene of war, a
single legion maintained the domestic tranquillity of each of those
great provinces. Even Italy was not left destitute of a military force.
Above twenty thousand chosen soldiers, distinguished by the titles of
City Cohorts and Prætorian Guards, watched over the safety of the
monarch and the capital. As the authors of almost every revolution that
distracted the empire, the Prætorians will, very soon, and very
loudly, demand our attention; but, in their arms and institutions, we
cannot find any circumstance which discriminated them from the legions,
unless it were a more splendid appearance, and a less rigid discipline.
==================================================================
这就是战争的艺术，罗马以此保卫他们广阔的征服区域。在罗马民族其他的优秀品质被奢华和专制压抑住之后，这种战争的艺术依然作为罗马不朽的军国主义精神而存在着。如果我们在研究罗马军队时把关注点从他们的军纪移到他们的人数上面，我们会发现，我们将很难精确的定义他们。然而，我们可以计算出来，这个由6831名罗马人组成的军团，如果加上辅助部队，总人数可以达到12500人。Hadrian及其继任者开创的和平年代就是由不少于30个这样的强大的军团缔造的。罗马在这一时期很有可能维持着一支总人数达375，000人的常备军。罗马军团不在防御坚固的城镇中驻扎，——罗马人认为城堡是软弱和怯懦的庇护所，——而是通常在大河的沿岸扎营，紧邻着野蛮人的边界。由于罗马军团营盘的大部分构筑物是固定的和永久的工事，我们因而可以试着推测出这些军团的布防区域。3个军团足以保卫不列颠。罗马最精锐的部队驻扎于莱茵河和多瑙河两岸，包括了16个军团。他们的分布如下：两个军团位于下德意志地区，3个位于上德意志地区，1个军团在Rhætia
，一个在Noricum ，4个在Pannonia ，3个在Mæsia
，两个在Dacia
。幼发拉底河流域的防御交给了8个罗马军团，其中6个军团布置在叙利亚，两个在Cappadocia
。埃及，非洲和西班牙这三个行省远离大规模战事的威胁，所以罗马在这三个行省各驻扎了仅一个军团，这已足以维持这三个行省的和平和稳定。即便是意大利本土也不是没有军队的保护。大约20，000名精心挑选出来的士兵负责保卫君主及首都的安全。他们被命名为“都市军团”和“禁卫军”。禁卫军是几乎每一次撕裂罗马的叛乱的始作俑者，他们可以立刻吸引到我们的全部注意，但是除了他们较为华丽的军容和较为松弛的纪律，我们不能从武器装备上把他们和普通军团区分开来。
extensive conquests, and preserved a military spirit, at a time when
every other virtue was oppressed by luxury and despotism. If, in the
consideration of their armies, we pass from their discipline to their
numbers, we shall not find it easy to define them with any tolerable
accuracy. We may compute, however, that the legion, which was itself a
body of six thousand eight hundred and thirty-one Romans, might, with
its attendant auxiliaries, amount to about twelve thousand five hundred
men. The peace establishment of Hadrian and his successors was composed
of no less than thirty of these formidable brigades; and most probably
formed a standing force of three hundred and seventy-five thousand men.
Instead of being confined within the walls of fortified cities, which
the Romans considered as the refuge of weakness or pusillanimity, the
legions were encamped on the banks of the great rivers, and along the
frontiers of the barbarians. As their stations, for the most part,
remained fixed and permanent, we may venture to describe the
distribution of the troops. Three legions were sufficient for Britain.
The principal strength lay upon the Rhine and Danube, and consisted of
sixteen legions, in the following proportions: two in the Lower, and
three in the Upper Germany; one in Rhætia, one in Noricum, four
in Pannonia, three in Mæsia, and two in Dacia.The defence of the
Euphrates was intrusted to eight legions, six of whom were planted in
Syria, and the other two in Cappadocia. With regard to Egypt, Africa,
and Spain, as they were far removed from any important scene of war, a
single legion maintained the domestic tranquillity of each of those
great provinces. Even Italy was not left destitute of a military force.
Above twenty thousand chosen soldiers, distinguished by the titles of
City Cohorts and Prætorian Guards, watched over the safety of the
monarch and the capital. As the authors of almost every revolution that
distracted the empire, the Prætorians will, very soon, and very
loudly, demand our attention; but, in their arms and institutions, we
cannot find any circumstance which discriminated them from the legions,
unless it were a more splendid appearance, and a less rigid discipline.
==================================================================
这就是战争的艺术，罗马以此保卫他们广阔的征服区域。在罗马民族其他的优秀品质被奢华和专制压抑住之后，这种战争的艺术依然作为罗马不朽的军国主义精神而存在着。如果我们在研究罗马军队时把关注点从他们的军纪移到他们的人数上面，我们会发现，我们将很难精确的定义他们。然而，我们可以计算出来，这个由6831名罗马人组成的军团，如果加上辅助部队，总人数可以达到12500人。Hadrian及其继任者开创的和平年代就是由不少于30个这样的强大的军团缔造的。罗马在这一时期很有可能维持着一支总人数达375，000人的常备军。罗马军团不在防御坚固的城镇中驻扎，——罗马人认为城堡是软弱和怯懦的庇护所，——而是通常在大河的沿岸扎营，紧邻着野蛮人的边界。由于罗马军团营盘的大部分构筑物是固定的和永久的工事，我们因而可以试着推测出这些军团的布防区域。3个军团足以保卫不列颠。罗马最精锐的部队驻扎于莱茵河和多瑙河两岸，包括了16个军团。他们的分布如下：两个军团位于下德意志地区，3个位于上德意志地区，1个军团在Rhætia
，一个在Noricum ，4个在Pannonia ，3个在Mæsia
，两个在Dacia
。幼发拉底河流域的防御交给了8个罗马军团，其中6个军团布置在叙利亚，两个在Cappadocia
。埃及，非洲和西班牙这三个行省远离大规模战事的威胁，所以罗马在这三个行省各驻扎了仅一个军团，这已足以维持这三个行省的和平和稳定。即便是意大利本土也不是没有军队的保护。大约20，000名精心挑选出来的士兵负责保卫君主及首都的安全。他们被命名为“都市军团”和“禁卫军”。禁卫军是几乎每一次撕裂罗马的叛乱的始作俑者，他们可以立刻吸引到我们的全部注意，但是除了他们较为华丽的军容和较为松弛的纪律，我们不能从武器装备上把他们和普通军团区分开来。
grimace
Apr 11, 2006, 10:33:57 AM4/11/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
without delay or confusion.没有一刻的拖延和疑惑
似乎应为：没有一刻的拖延和混乱。是否同意？
robertwa...@gmail.com
Apr 11, 2006, 11:31:10 PM4/11/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
个人认为“混乱”比较好。
无间行者RNA
Apr 12, 2006, 1:15:04 AM4/12/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
混乱好。谢谢大家指正。
另外这一句，个人感觉极难翻译，请大家帮忙想想办法。
If, in the consideration of their armies, we pass from their
discipline to their
numbers, we shall not find it easy to define them with any tolerable
accuracy.
另：我把译文发在了天涯煮酒论史，期待大家帮忙找错误。感觉那边的版面看起来舒服一些。
另外这一句，个人感觉极难翻译，请大家帮忙想想办法。
If, in the consideration of their armies, we pass from their
discipline to their
numbers, we shall not find it easy to define them with any tolerable
accuracy.
achill...@yahoo.com.cn
Apr 12, 2006, 2:44:48 AM4/12/06
to The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
大意似乎是说：考虑他们的军队的话，如果我们看看他们的纪律，再看看他们的人数，想对他们作一个比较容易让人接受的精确的描述是不那么容易的。
我只看了这句话，所以胡乱说说，可能还要考虑上下文......
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