ISRAEL LIVES May 9, 2016 16th day of the Omer 1st of Iyyar, 5776 Anti-Zionism, Golan, American Jewry, Martin Sherman responds, Yom HaShoah
THIS WEEK
The Agony and the Ecstasy
Wed, May 11
Yom HaZikaron Israeli Memorial Day
Thu, May 12
Yom HaAtzma'ut Israeli Independence Day
NOVEMBER 8, 2016 GROWS CLOSER. Lest Hillary Clinton be the nominee PLEASE REMEMBER, READ AND FORWARD FREQUENTLY this recollection by the years 1998-2016, reduced to 5 easy to print and decidedly unsettling pages, of Hillary's activities with regard to ISRAEL, beginning in 1998 when Hillary is praised during a visit to Israel and the disputed Palestinian territories, by the New York Times as being "hailed here as a champion of Palestinian statehood." During the same visit, Hillary praises "the leadership of Chairman Arafat" in the peace process and "hope for the future."
1999 November 11, Hillary kisses Suha Arafat
FOR AMERICAN'S WHO ARE/WERE MEMBERS OF THE OBAMA FAN CLUB -THERE IS A CHAIN OF COMMAND DOWN FROM PRESIDET OBAMA-Each aspect is important to note 1.US Deputy National Security Adviser for Strategic Communication Ben Rhodes 2.Rhodes asst., Ned Price who constructed a cadre of 'force multipliers' Laura Rozen, RSS feed/foreign policy reporter; Tanya Somander, White House digital guru; use of outside groups to push the policy such as Ploughshares, MoveOn.org, Tides Foundation.
ISRAEL'S SYRIAN REACTOR STRIKE SLOWED A N. KOREAN-IRANIAN-JIHADI BOMB The United States dodged a bullet in Syria-and, it's worth stressing, all courtesy of the Israelis who 'took out' Syria's nuclear program in 2007. "North Korea has for decades sold missiles and missile technology to any state willing to pay," nuclear weapons proliferation could be next, according to John Hannah, former national security advisor to Vice President Richard Cheney and now a senior counselor at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, a Washington, D.C. think tank.. He notes that Pyongyang's "military relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran, in particular, has been longstanding and deep." Israel's discovery and attack "was almost certainly the only means of ensuring the reactor never went hot."
Now, "the North is seeking to perfect precisely those elements of its military nuclear arsenal that Iran has yet to develop: the testing of an actual bomb; warhead miniaturization; reentry technology; and a functional ICBM [intercontinental ballistic missile]," Hannah says. "The potential for synergy between these two rogue states and longtime proliferation partners is more than obvious." (CAMERA Blog To subscribe to CAMERA Blog see panel on the left margin of this CAMERA SNAPSHOT page)
Tuesday, May 10 - Sunday, May 15
Upper West Side (of Manhattan) Celebrates Israel Week
Click http://www.uwsisrael.org/ for schedule of events
Wednesday, May 11
Yom HaZikaron, Israel Memorial Day
Thursday, May 12
Yom HaAtzma'ut, Israel Independence Day
Sunday, May 22, 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Jerusalem Post Annual Conference
At the Marriott Marquis Hotel, NYC (West 47 St. & Broadway)
http://www.jpost.com/landedpages/ConferenceNewYork2016/Conference_Home.aspx
June 1-8, Wednesday to Wednesday - Spring 2016 Chizuk Mission,
Celebrate Yom Yerushalayim in Israel with AFSI.
Americans for a Safe Israel/AFSI, has been leading semi-annual Chizuk missions to Israel for over twenty years. We call them Chizuk missions because we strengthen the beleaguered heroes and heroines of Israel, just as we derive strength from them. At this particular time in history, as the enemies of Israel and the Jews seem to be circling the tents, it is especially critical that we travel to Israel and give our support to those who endure the dangers and difficulties, as well as the delights, on a daily basis. We are calling on all who are faithful to follow us as we trace the biblical road map, charting a whole Israel, an indivisible Jerusalem, and a total devotion to our promised land.
The Chizuk itinerary for June 1-8, 2016
Contact: Ju...@AFSI.ORG / 212 828 2424
I'm an AFSI CHIZUK enthusiast, I've participated in the last 4 Fall trips and more to come. Need testimonials? Call me Janet c.516 353 6450
Wednesday, June 1, 6:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Friends of the IDF (FIDF) Five Towns & Greater Shore 5th Annual Community Event
At The Sephardic Temple, Cedarhurst, NY
Click HERE for details.
Sunday, June 5
Yom Yerushalayim, Jerusalem Day
An Israeli national holiday commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem and the establishment of Israeli control over the Old City in the aftermath of the June 1967 Six-Day War.
Click here for info about Yom Yerushalayim:
http://www.knesset.gov.il/holidays/eng/jerusalem_day.htm
Sunday, June 5
NYC Celebrate Israel Parade The "Celebrate Israel Parade", commemorates the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. It began in 1964, when thousands of people gathered together to walk down Riverside Drive to show their support for the young State of Israel. Over the years, the parade has evolved into the world's largest gathering in support of Israel and celebration of its people's spirit.
Wednesday, June 8, 6:00 PM Cocktail Reception, 7:00 PM Program
Washington, D.C.
The Endowment for Middle East Truth (EMET) presents: Rays of Light in the Darkness 10th Anniversary Dinner
The Grand Hyatt 1000 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20001
Register by June 3 at www.emetonline.org
Inquiries: 202-601-7422 or in...@emetonline.org
Sunday, June 26, 7:00 PM,
Long Island's Annual Celebrate Israel
Eisenhower Park, Harry Chapin Lakeside Theater. Featuring a free concert with Dudu Fisher
Info: 516-433-0433 or jcr...@jcrcli.org
He notes: Almost a third of Europe's Jews have considered emigrating because of anti-Semitism, with numbers as high as 46 percent in France and 48 percent in Hungary. The United States is beset with an unprecedented wave of anti-Semitism focused on College Campuses nationwide. (So much for importing foreign students to support a moribund tenure system.)
Thomas Braun writes: Anti-Semitism is the oldest known psychopathology and a veritable threat to the quality of life of any society that harbors it. Help eradicate it.
2-THE NEW UN CONSENSUS ON SYRIA: ISRAEL MUST PAY, ISRAEL MUST SURRENDER THE GOLAN TO SYRIA! This week, all 15 members of the UN Security Council including the USA, UK and France voted that Israel must return the Golan to Syria. Who can forget the constant rain of military fire rained upon Israel for several years while Syria held the Heights. Israel MUST retain this strategic area at all costs! One wonders whether the UNSC will vote to make China return Tibet to its former independence? or Russia to return Crimea?
The Golan Heights is life and death to Israel where 35,000 Israelis live and farm, and from the Golan, guard Israel. This is the same UN that denies any Jewish roots to the Land of Israel, this month ruling that the Kotel is actually the supporting wall of the Aqsa Mosque; not of the ancient Jewish Temple.
WIKI lists the UN resolutions concerning Israel and Palestine As of 2013, Israel had been condemned in 45 resolutions by United Nations Human Rights Council since its creation in 2006. From 1967 to 1989 the UN Security Council adopted 131 resolutions directly addressing the Arab-Israeli conflict. Insanely, the United Nations General Assembly has adopted a number of resolutions saying that the strategic relationship with the United States encourages Israel to pursue aggressive and expansionist policies and practices.
4-AMERICAN JEWRY WILL NO LONGER BE THE CENTER OF THE JEWISH WORLD Elliot Abrams writing: In the 20th century the American Jewish community was the world's largest and strongest, and helped establish and protect the Jewish State. The 21st century will be different. At the time of Israel's founding, as Martin Kramer explains, its Jewish population was one-ninth the size of American Jewry, and was also largely poor and needy. Today, the population ratio is one to one, Israel's economic situation has improved immeasurably, and its population is growing-even as our numbers in America are being reduced by low birth rates and intermarriage.
Elliot Abrams
concludes: The day-school movement in America is one of
the proven secrets of continuing Orthodox strength and solidarity and he
urges social service organizations to support day-school education for those
children now in public schools because they can not afford day-school
education.
5-Concerning Conflict Resolution with those who wish all Jews dead, this is the most valuable article you are likely to read.
INTO THE FRAY: A VERY SIMPLE CONFLICT by Martin Kramer. Martin Kramer is an American-Israeli scholar of the Middle East at Shalem College in Jerusalem. His focus is on Islam and Arab politics. He earned his PhD at Princeton where his doctoral theses was directed by Bernard Lewis.
It's a matter of 1-2-3-4
The only way to ensure who rules - and does not rule - GAZA IS FOR ISRAEL TO RULE IT ITSELF. PRECISELY THE SAME LOGIC HOLDS FOR JUDEA-SAMARIA.
THE ONLY WAY FOR ISRAEL TO DO THIS WITHOUT "RULING ANOTHER PEOPLE" IS TO RELOCATE THE "OTHER PEOPLE" OUTSIDE THE TERRITORY IT IS OBLIGED TO ADMINISTER.
THE ONLY NONVIOLENT AND HUMANE WAY TO EFFECT SUCH RELOCATION OF THE "OTHER PEOPLE" IS BY ECONOMIC INDUCEMENTS - increasing material incentives to leave and disincentives to stay.
Q.E.D.
What could be simpler or more compelling?
Martin Kramer is a frequent speaker on their semi-annual AFSI Chizzuk Missions as are Jeff Daube of ZOA and Daniella Weiss, former Mayor of Kedumim and Ruth Matar and Yehudit Katsover, co-founders of Women in Green.
6-TWO INTERNATIONALLY CELEBRATED HOLOCAUST DAYS are muddying the very specific crime against the Jewish People marked annually as Yom HaShoah. 'Waters of Rememberance', International Holocaust Remembrance Day, celebrated Jan. 27th 2016 has gradually watered down the particularly Jewish aspect of the Nazi extermination of the Jews marked on Yom HaShoah, this year on May 4th.
Jan. 27 marked the decade anniversary of the United Nations-designated International Holocaust Remembrance Day, which member states are encouraged to commemorate. Though an Israeli initiative, International Holocaust Remembrance Day has gradually been subjected to the universalizing prescriptions of those who would water down the particularly Jewish aspect of the Nazi extermination of the Jews.
The evolution of two different days of Holocaust commemoration and the ways they increasingly run counter to each other are symptomatic of the seizure of Jewish history and suffering for ulterior purposes. This victim displacement appropriates the most traumatic experience in Jewish history, pointedly erases the specificity of the events supposedly being commemorated, and then harshly chides Jews for inserting their own particularistic concerns into the discussion.
I am reminded of a chapter in a German history text book published post WWII which spoke only about the suffering of the German people during WWII.
The United Nations is rewriting history daily. Laws of the Sea, Holocaust Rememberance... The USA is paying a substantially inequitable burden maintaining what is a sham of neutrality; Israel is its principle ;whipping boy'. Consider the UN as the world's religion, or the world's school - or more realistically, the world's government - Why, Why should any member of the free world remain a member? As technology has transformed business in our era, it allows for new ways for governments to work together, apart from now moribund structures.
It's Spring - Let's be HOPEFUL
The Negev
The Judean Hills
1>ANTI-ZIONISM IS THE NEW ANTI-SEMITISM
Rabbi Sachs
Newsweek
April
3, 2016
http://www.newsweek.com/jonathan-sacks-anti-semitism-anti-zionism-bds-israel-labour-442978
Jonathan Sacks served as Britain's chief rabbi from 1991 to 2013. He was recently named as the 2016 Templeton Prize Laureate. His latest book is Not in God's Name: Confronting Religious Violence.
On March 27, speaking to
the Sunday
Times, former Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams expressed
his concern at rising levels of anti-Semitism on British university campuses.
There are, he said, "worrying echoes" of Germany in the 1930s. Two days later,
in The
Times, Chris Bryant, the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
and a senior member of the British Labour party, warned that the political left
was increasingly questioning the right of the state of Israel to exist, a view
he called a "not too subtle form of anti-Semitism."
Across Europe, Jews are leaving. A survey in 2013 by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights showed that almost a third of Europe's Jews have considered emigrating because of anti-Semitism, with numbers as high as 46 percent in France and 48 percent in Hungary.
Nor is this a problem in Europe alone. A 2015 survey of North American Jewish college students by Brandeis University found that three-quarters of respondents had been exposed to anti-Semitic rhetoric. One third had reported incidents of harassment because they were Jewish. Much of the intimidation on campus is stirred by "Israel Apartheid" weeks and the BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) campaign against Israel. These have become what Easter was in the Middle Ages, a time for attacks against Jews.
Something is clearly happening, but what? Many on the left argue that they are being wrongly accused. They are not against Jews, they say, only opposed to the policies of the state of Israel. Here one must state the obvious. Criticism of the Israeli government is not anti-Semitic. Nor is the BDS movement inherently anti-Semitic. Many of its supporters have a genuine concern for human rights. It is, though, a front for the new anti-Semitism, an unholy alliance of radical Islamism and the political left.
What then is anti-Semitism? It is not a coherent set of beliefs but a set of contradictions. Before the Holocaust, Jews were hated because they were poor and because they were rich; because they were communists and because they were capitalists; because they kept to themselves and because they infiltrated everywhere; because they clung tenaciously to ancient religious beliefs and because they were rootless cosmopolitans who believed nothing.
Anti-Semitism is a virus that survives by mutating. In the Middle Ages, Jews were hated because of their religion. In the 19th and 20th centuries they were hated because of their race. Today they are hated because of their nation state, Israel. Anti-Zionism is the new anti-Semitism.
The legitimization has also changed. Throughout history, when people have sought to justify anti-Semitism, they have done so by recourse to the highest source of authority available within the culture. In the Middle Ages, it was religion. In post-Enlightenment Europe it was science. Today it is human rights. It is why Israel-the only fully functioning democracy in the Middle East with a free press and independent judiciary-is regularly accused of the five crimes against human rights: racism, apartheid, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and attempted genocide. This is the blood libel of our time.
Anti-Semitism is a classic example of what anthropologist Ren? Girard sees as the primal form of human violence: scapegoating. When bad things happen to a group, its members can ask two different questions: "What did we do wrong?" or "Who did this to us?" The entire fate of the group will depend on which it chooses.
If it asks, "What did we do wrong?" it has begun the self-criticism essential to a free society. If it asks, "Who did this to us?" it has defined itself as a victim. It will then seek a scapegoat to blame for all its problems. Classically this has been the Jews.
Today the argument goes like this. After the Holocaust, every right-thinking human being must be opposed to Nazism. Palestinians are the new Jews. The Jews are the new Nazis. Israel is the new crime against humanity. Therefore every right thinking person must be opposed to the state of Israel, and since every Jew is a Zionist, we must oppose the Jews. This argument is wholly wrong. It was Jews not Israelis who were murdered in terrorist attacks in Toulouse, Paris, Brussels and Copenhagen.
Anti-Semitism is a form of cognitive failure. It reduces complex problems to simplicities. It divides the world into black and white, seeing all the fault on one side and all the victimhood on the other. It singles out one group among a hundred offenders for the blame. It silences dissent and never engages in self-criticism. The argument is always the same. We are innocent; they are guilty. It follows that if we -Christians, members of the Aryan race or Muslims-are to be free, they, the Jews, or the state of Israel must be destroyed. That is how the great crimes begin.
Jews have been hated because they were different. They were the most conspicuous non-Christian minority in pre-World War Christian Europe. Today they are the most conspicuous non-Muslim presence in an Islamic Middle East. Anti-Semitism has always been about the inability of a group to make space for difference. No group that adopts it will ever create a free society.
The hate that begins with Jews never ends with Jews. In a world awash with hate across religious divides, people of all faiths and none must stand together, not just to defeat anti-Semitism but to ensure the rights of religious minorities are defended everywhere.
History will judge us by how we deal with this challenge. We must not fail.
April 26, 2016
http://NYPost.Com/2016/04/26/The-New-Un-Consensus-On-Syria-Israel-Must-Pay/
The Bashar al-Assad regime is outraged. So angry, in fact, that on Tuesday it asked the UN Security Council to do something. And the council, including America, finally agreed on something regarding Syria: It must get back the Golan Heights from Israel.
Not Raqqa, the capital of the ISIS caliphate, nor ancient Palmyra. Not northeast Syria, owned by the Kurds, nor the Syrian heartlands controlled by the al Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front. And not the enclaves ruled by Druze and various warlords.
Nah. After all, what are half a million lost Syrian lives compared to Syria's wounded pride over events of a half-century ago?
The Golan, which Israel annexed shortly after winning in a 1967 defensive war, is the itch that the Assad clan keeps scratching.
This month Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu convened his cabinet's weekly meeting on the Golan - a first. The high plateau will forever remain Israeli, he later declared. That declaration was "against all Security Council resolutions," Rafael Dario Ramirez, the UN ambassador of Venezuela, told me Tuesday.
So he and his Egyptian colleague called for a special meeting of the UN body charged with maintaining global peace and security. Later, all council members (including the United States) expressed "outrage" over Netanyahu's statement. They recalled a 1981 resolution that declared that year's annexation of the Golan by Israel "null and void, and without international legal effect."
On the Israeli side of the Golan you'll find apple groves, quaint wineries and beer microbreweries - not to mention the Mideast's best locally-grown steak (grass-fed and kosher, too). Also there, you can get closest to the raging war on the Syrian side without risking life or limb.
That's what UN peacekeepers do. They've been stationed on both sides of the border to observe a Syrian-Israeli ceasefire, since Damascus tried to wrest the Golan by force in 1973.
Soon after the civil war erupted in 2012, Assad started neglecting the Golan. The border area was taken over by gangs, who discovered kidnapping UN peacekeepers is a lucrative business. The United Nations withdrew to the safety of the Israeli side, where it continues to periodically report on ceasefire violations by "both sides."
"Sides"? In Geneva, UN envoy Staffan de Mistura is trying in vain to get Syria's numerous warring factions to negotiate with each other. He can't even get them in the same hotel room.
Indeed, the entire Mideast is involved in Syria's multi-sided war, plus Russia and the United States. Assad controls a third of the country. No one knows how to end the carnage.
Israel, miraculously, is the one Syrian neighbor to (mostly) stay out. It has its interests, of course. Last week Netanyahu confirmed reports of several successful attacks on convoys transferring arms to Hezbollah in Lebanon.
He also flew to Moscow for a hastily arranged meeting with President Vladimir Putin, after Russian planes reportedly buzzed Israeli jets over Syrian skies. Netanyahu wanted to resume and tighten coordination with Moscow, to allow both countries to maintain their interests in Syria.
Yet once Bibi publicly reasserted Israel's hold over the Golan (perhaps for domestic political reasons), international-law eggheads jumped to Assad's aid: He who can barely control his capital, Damascus, somehow has indisputable sovereignty over the Golan. Israel must return an occupied territory, goes the cry from Malaysia to Morocco.
Return to whom? To al-Nusra or ISIS, which the entire world has declared unworthy of even participating in the Geneva peace talks? To Hezbollah, which tops the US terrorist list and now tries to establish a beachhead on the Golan? To Assad the butcher, who, according to President Obama, has lost legitimacy?
Whatever. The Security Council, including America, called Tuesday for returning the Golan and, indeed, negotiating "to establish a comprehensive just and lasting peace in the Middle East."
Yes, in the past Netanyahu tried to negotiate a return of the strategic Golan to Syria. One of his successors may one day do so again, perhaps after Syria, a country that no longer really exists, is properly divided.
But now? Those who think so must be off their meds.
IN THE 20TH CENTURY THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMUNITY WAS THE WORLD'S LARGEST AND STRONGEST, AND HELPED ESTABLISH AND PROTECT THE JEWISH STATE. THE 21ST CENTURY WILL BE DIFFERENT.
Elliott Abrams
Mosaic Magazine
April 26, 2016
*Elliot Abrams- former American diplomat, lawyer and political scientist, served in foreign policy positions for U.S. Presidents, Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush. Abrams was convicted for withholding information from Congress about the Iran-Contra affair while serving for Reagan, but pardoned by President George H. W. Bush.
He is currently a senior fellow for Middle Eastern studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. Additionally, Abrams holds positions on the Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf (CPSG), Center for Security Policy & National Secretary Advisory Council, Committee for a Free Lebanon, and the Project for the New American Century. Abrams is a current member of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council and teaches foreign policy at Georgetown University as well as maintaining a CFR blog called "Pressure Points" about the U.S. foreign policy and human rights. In February 2014, Abrams, a commissioner of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, gave testimony before a House congressional committee that Christians globally are the most persecuted of the world religions. (Wiki)
More about: American Jews, Israel & Zionism, Jewish continuity
In late fall 1940, as World War II raged in Europe and despite the parlous situation of the Jews in British-Mandate Palestine, their leader David Ben-Gurion spent three and a half months in the United States, returning again in November 1941 for a far longer stay of more than nine months. The wartime route from Palestine to the U.S. was lengthy and dangerous, but Ben-Gurion keenly understood not only the prime importance of relations with America but also the fact that the American Jewish community had now become the center of world Jewry.
Indeed, soon enough-and for decades to come-that same Jewish community, the world's largest and strongest, would play a critical role in the establishment and subsequent support and protection of the first Jewish state in 2,000 years.
But that was the 20th century; the 21st will be different. That is the conclusion of my essay in Mosaic, "If American Jews and Israel are Drifting Apart, What's the Reason?"
I'm grateful to Daniel Gordis, Martin Kramer, and Jack Wertheimer for their kind words about the essay itself and especially for their thoughtful comments on its thesis. Taken together, those comments affirm but also broaden and deepen my argument.
All three of my respondents note the remarkable change in the relationship between Israel and American Jewry since 1948, some of which is due to sheer demographics. At the time of Israel's founding, as Martin Kramer explains, its Jewish population was one-ninth the size of American Jewry, and was also largely poor and needy. Today, the population ratio is one to one, Israel's economic situation has improved immeasurably, and its population is growing-even as our numbers in America are being reduced by low birth rates and intermarriage.
As Kramer puts it, "Israeli Jews have worked out a successful survival strategy," while, by contrast, the "American Jewish survival strategy is struggling." The trend lines are clear-which is why I suggested in my essay that we American Jews may end up needing what amounts to foreign aid, with the Israelis trying to rescue us, or anyway some of us, as best they can.
The distances between Israeli and American Jews are growing in other ways as well. A couple of generations ago, most Israeli and most American Jews were immigrants from Europe; today, 70 percent of Israeli Jews were born in Israel and an even higher percentage of American Jews were born in the United States. Moreover, something like 90 percent of American Jews are of Ashkenazi heritage, while, as Kramer points out, half of Israeli Jews are of Sephardi or Mizra?i descent.
All of this has taken its toll in feelings of inter-community solidarity, and so has another factor mentioned in my essay: the detachment of most American Jews from the combined ritual and communal moorings that held Jews together for 2,000 years of exile. Driving this point home is the sad tale that Daniel Gordis tells about an uncle of his. A former executive vice-president of the American Jewish Committee, this uncle has taken to the public prints to proclaim that "in every important way Israel has failed to realize its promise for me."
Gordis rightly underscores those amazing final words-"for me"-as if the task of Israelis, who live in a region "leaning toward perpetual war," were "to soothe the moral disquiet of Jews whose circumstances are "more peaceful and stable than any environment in the history of humankind since Adam." Writing with similar bite, Jack Wertheimer, the eminent American Jewish historian and an acute, unblinking analyst of contemporary realities, records that growing numbers of American Jews have become so "deracinated" as to lose all empathy with fellow Jews living in "a neighborhood considerably more dangerous than brownstone Brooklyn or the Edenic communities of the San Francisco Bay."
Sadly, in this context, none of my three respondents has protested that I'm dead wrong in my analysis and that the future glows brightly both for the American Jewish community itself and for its relationship with Israel. Nor does any of the three offer a magic formula to extricate ourselves from our troubles, because there is none. To the contrary, all appear to accept, as I do, the further and all but inevitable weakening of the non-Orthodox American Jewish community.
Still, their comments do suggest some paths forward.
One of them is critical: an Israel-oriented education that will take in the enormous miracle of the recreation of a Jewish state after two millennia, absorbing its history and the lessons contained in that history, and inculcating a knowledge of the Hebrew language. About 10 percent of American Jews say they can carry on a conversation in Hebrew; I would bet that most of them are Orthodox-themselves by far a minority within the community as a whole. Gordis correctly refers to the "essentially across-the-board neglect of Hebrew-language literacy as a community priority."
This is not the case in other Diaspora communities. Jews elsewhere not only are likelier to speak Hebrew but, correlatively, visit Israel more frequently, and acquire a more thorough Jewish education. In the UK, for example, 60 percent of Jewish children attend day schools.
For American Jews outside the Orthodox community, such day schools hold little attraction. I suspect they strike many as contrary to the long-prevailing desire for full integration into America society: the central goal of American Jews who in the decades after World War II did not struggle to move to Evanston and Scarsdale and Beverly Hills in order to send their children to Jewish schools.
But that integration is now a fact, and staring the American non-Orthodox in the face is the prospect of Jewish assimilation leading to Jewish extinction. That being the reality, is it possible that day schools might be re-examined?
One critical barrier here, even for the moderately affluent, is financial: on top of the other burdens of engaged Jewish life-synagogue dues, summer camps, kosher food, and so forth-day schools are an expensive proposition. Especially in localities boasting excellent public schools, they may seem either beyond reach or unnecessary, or both. And here, to make things worse, the organized community's priorities are upside-down. Rather than making sure that a day-school education is affordable and available to all who want it-as Jack Wertheimer has tirelessly advocated-Jewish agencies have not only undervalued the relative worth of such an education but have often led the fight against extending any help at all to religious schools in general, even in the form of vouchers, tuition tax credits, or other tax breaks that are clearly constitutional.
The day-school movement in America is one of the proven secrets of continuing Orthodox strength and solidarity. As Wertheimer has written, a day-school education "greatly increases the chances of children learning the skills necessary for participation in religious life, for living active Jewish lives, and for identifying strongly with other Jews." One can only hope that non-Orthodox Jews and Jewish organizations seeking to survive in America will reconsider its benefits and relax their visceral and ideological opposition to communal and other forms of support for non-public schools.
Whether or not they do, however, I join my three respondents in fearing the near-irreversibility of the underlying trends contributing to the weakening of the American Jewish community. All the more reason, then, to keep front and center in one's consciousness the single key fact of modern Jewish existence: for the first time in 2,000 years there is a Jewish state, it is growing and thriving, and it is becoming the center of world Jewish life. Would we want it otherwise? American Jews today may be declining in strength and centrality, but they are also witness to and can actively participate in the miracle of the Jewish state. In Daniel Gordis's words, Israel is "the Jewish people's last remaining hope." It is also something more: something, in Martin Kramer's words, that we should always regard just as a hundred generations of Jews before us would have done-with "pure wonder."
5>INTO THE FRAY: A VERY SIMPLE CONFLICT
Martin Sherman
Jerusalem Post
April 28, 2016
Dr. Martin Sherman (www.martinsherman.net) is founder and executive director of the Israel Institute for Strategic Studies (www.strategicisrael.org).
http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Into-The-Fray-A-very-simple-conflict-452547
Until
1967, Israel did not hold an inch of the Sinai Peninsula and the West Bank, the
Gaza Strip or the Golan Heights. Israel held not an acre of what is now
considered disputed territory. And yet we enjoyed no peace. Year after year
Israel called for - pleaded for - a negotiated peace with the Arab governments.
Their answer was a blank refusal and more war... The reason was not a conflict
over territorial claims. The reason was, and remains, the fact that a free
Jewish state sits on territory at all. -
Prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, before a joint session of the US Congress, January
28, 1976
We will never recognize the
Jewishness of the State of Israel. -
Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, Cairo, November,
2014
One of the widely propagated falsehoods regarding
the Arab-Israeli conflict in general, and Palestinian-Israeli one in particular,
is that it is an immensely complex problem requiring great sophistication and
creativity to resolve.
Brutal
simplicity
Nothing could be further from the
truth.
The 100-year struggle
between Jew and Arab over control of the Holy Land, extending west of the Jordan
River to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, is in fact a very simple
one.
But recognition of the stark
simplicity of the conflict does not in any way imply that it is easy to resolve.
In fact, it is the brutal simplicity of the conflict that makes a solution so
elusive.
Any endeavor to obfuscate
this unpalatable fact can only have - indeed, has had - gravely detrimental,
even tragic, consequences, just as mistaken diagnosis of
a malaise is likely to have detrimental, even tragic, outcomes. Any attempt to
portray the conflict as "complicated" is not a mark of sophistication or
profundity, but rather of a desire to evade the merciless, unembellished
truth.
For the clash between Jew and Arab
over the exercise of
national sovereignty anywhere west of the Jordan is a classic "them" or "us"
scenario, an arch-typical zero-sum game, in which the gains of one side are
unequivocally the loss of the other.
No amount of genteel pussyfooting around this harsh
reality will change it. No amount of polite politically correct jargon
will soften it.
Essence
of enmity
This reality is aptly conveyed by the
introductory excerpt from
Yitzhak Rabin's January 1976 address to a joint session of the US Congress, when
in his more lucid, pre-Oslo, period he succinctly diagnosed that the root of
Arab Judeophobic enmity was not a dispute over any particular allocation of
territory between Jew and Arab, but the allocation of any territory for Jewish
sovereignty: "The reason [for the Arab refusal of peace and the ongoing
belligerency] was not a conflict over territorial claims. The reason was, and
remains, the fact that a free Jewish state sits on territory at
all."
Rabin's assessment was valid then; it is valid
today.
No matter what
territorial configuration for
dividing the land was proposed, it was invariably rejected by Israel's Arab
interlocutors - from the 1947 Partition Plan, through the far-reaching
concessions offered by Ehud Barak in 2000, that elicited nothing but a massive
wave of violence that lasted almost five years and left thousands dead and
injured; to the even more dramatically pliant proposal put forward by Ehud
Olmert and rejected by Abbas in 2008.
Clearly then, as Rabin identified, the roots of Arab
belligerence vis-a-vis the Jews cannot be traced to any specific borders of the
Jewish state - but to the existence of the Jewish state
itself.
Not
about borders, but existence
Accordingly we are compelled to the conclusion that
the "root causes" of the dispute are:
. not about Jewish military "occupation" of Arab land;
but about Jewish political existence on any land;
. not about the Jewish State's policies; but about
the Jewish State per se; and
. not about what the Jewish people do; but about
what the Jewish people are.
Resounding affirmation of this came from the allegedly
"moderate" and "pragmatic" Abbas himself, who in November 2014 told an emergency
meeting of Arab League foreign ministers that no peace accord with Israel was
possible if this involved recognizing Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish
people - see introductory excerpt.
This was no slip of the tongue.
Several months earlier,
Reuters reported (March
9): "The Arab League has backed Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas's rejection
of Israel as a 'Jewish state'... [and] endorsed Palestinian President Mahmoud
Abbas's rejection of Israel's demand for recognition as a Jewish state." The
League issued a statement declaring:
"The Council of the Arab League confirms its support for the Palestinian
leadership...
and emphasizes its rejection of recognizing Israel as
a 'Jewish State.'" Clearly, this should be a sobering message for all the
self-professed Zionists who have so eagerly advocated that Israel adopt the Arab
League Plan (aka the "Saudi Initiative") - which calls for a return to the
indefensible pre-1967 lines, division of Jerusalem, return of Arab refugees, and
withdrawal from the Golan Heights - as a basis for peace negotiations and
pan-Arab recognition.
Recognition?
Really? As an un-Jewish state? How accommodating.
Resolute
rejection of recognition
This resolute rejection of Jewish sovereignty, which
increasingly has reflected itself in expression of revulsion at things Jewish,
should be seen as the back drop to some recently reported - and
revealing - incidents.
Thus
following Abbas's outrageous declaration last September that Jews have no right
to "desecrate" the Temple Mount with "their filthy feet," and his incendiary
endorsement of the harassment of Jewish visitors by Arab hooligans, the
allegedly moderate Jordanian government warned of "serious consequences" if the
Jewish state allowed Jews to visit the site which according to Jewish religion
is the most holy to Jews.
Significantly, the Jordanian warning came soon after
Amman, under intense Palestinian pressure, recanted on its proposal
to installsecurity
cameras to document events
and monitor attempts to instigate violence on the Temple Mount, leaving Arab
hoodlums free to assail Jewish visitors with impunity while accusing them of
aggression and desecration.
Then, of course there was the impudent and blatantly
Judeophobic characterization of MK Tzipi Livni as "so smelly" by a Harvard law
student, one Husam El-Qoulaq, reportedly head of Harvard's Students for Justice
in Palestine.
The reported transcript (Ynet,
April 22) of the incident dispels any doubt that the barb was an intentional
slur: STUDENT: Okay, my question is for Tzipi Livni, um, how is it that you are
so smelly? (panel looks confused) STUDENT: Oh, it's regarding your
odor.
MODERATOR: I'm not sure I understand the
question.
STUDENT: I'm question
(sic) about the odor of Tzipi Livni, very smelly.
Bitter
fruits of pliancy
There
is a bitter sense of irony in this incident involving Livni. After all, she has
been arguably the most pliant of all mainstream Israeli politicians toward
Palestinian demands.
The abuse she
was subject to serves to underscore the bitter fruits of such pliancy and to
reinforce the validity of the previous diagnosis of the sources of Arab
opprobrium toward all things Jewish: It is not about what the Jews do, but
what they are - Jewish.
Commenting on the incident, well-known scholar Robert
Spencer aptly remarked: "One thing is certain: If the roles had been reversed,
and a Jewish student had asked a Muslim politician why she was so 'smelly,' that
student would no longer be at Harvard, and would be subjected to international
opprobrium, while stories on 'Islamophobia' would be blanketing the airwaves and
filling mainstream media publications."
Too true.
Indeed, imagine the international outcry if an Israeli
leader, say Benjamin Netanyahu, had declared that the Palestinian-Arabs were
desecrating Judaism's holy sites, say the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron,
"with their filthy feet" and called on the "settlers" to "defend it by all means
possible..."
Just
imagine...
Perilous
parallels
Irrepressible
optimists and indefatigable two-state advocates cling desperately to irrelevant
historical precedents in which once implacable enemies have put their bloody
past and inimical grievances behind them and forged lasting peace agreements
that have permitted them to live in political harmony and economic
prosperity.
In this regard, they
frequently point to the cases of Germany and Japan, who were bitter enemies of
the Allies in WWII, the largest conflict humanity has ever known, in which tens
of millions perished, cities were devastated and economies ruined. Yet a few
short decades after the cessation of hostilities, both were staunch allies and
robust trading partners of their erstwhile foes.
These are dangerously false analogies. We should be
wary of being misled by them and cautious of drawing misplaced conclusions from
them.
Putting aside for the moment
the innate and obdurate antagonism that Islam harbors for all that is not Islam,
there are important differences in the geo-political structure of the situation
prevailing in post-WWII Japan and Germany, on the one hand, and that facing
Israel today, on the other.
First of
all, both the Germans and Japanese were unequivocally defeated and signed
documents of unconditional surrender, something the Arabs in general, and the
Palestinian-Arabs in particular, have not been required to do.
Berlin
is not Baghdad
Secondly, and arguably more
significant, unlike any prospective Palestine state,
which would be part and parcel of a larger Islamic world, Germany was not
surrounded by a swathe of kindred Teutonic nations, nor Japan by kindred
Nipponic nations, that, driven by a radical Teutonic/Nipponic ideology, strove
continually to undermine the stability and legitimacy of any peaceable regime
that foreign powers might install.
Overlooking this element was in no small measure part
of the reason for the failure of the American attempt to set up amenable,
democratically oriented regimes in Iraq and Afghanistan. For unlike defeated
Berlin (and Tokyo), Baghdad (and Kabul) and their environs were continually
assailed by Islamic insurgents, financed and equipped from surrounding Muslim
countries, imperiling any government not to their liking.
This is a lesson Israel will ignore at its
peril.
For this is precisely the
situation that any regime set up in territory evacuated by Israel is almost
certainly liable to face - and precisely the predicament that Israel would have
to deal with in the wake of such evacuation.
Sadly, the vast majority of proposals for resolution
of the conflict do exactly that, and are totally unmindful of the repercussions
their implementation are liable to foment.
If
Hamas were disarmed...
Thus,
one of the frequently aired proposals is for the disarming of
Hamas.
Nothing could highlight
more effectively the moronic myopia of these kinds of suggestions than the
previous analysis. For in the unlikely event that Hamas could be persuaded to
disarm, how would it defend itself against more radical - and armed -
challengers that would abound in and from its Islamic surrounds? And to what
avail would Israel endeavor to disarm Hamas, only to have it replaced by a more
menacing successor? This confronts Israeli policy-makers with almost
mathematical algorithmic logic: The only way to ensure who rules - and does not
rule - Gaza is for Israel to rule it itself. Precisely the same logic holds for
Judea-Samaria.
The only way for
Israel to do this without "ruling another people" is to relocate the "other
people" outside the territory it is obliged to administer.
The only nonviolent and humane way to effect such
relocation of the "other people" is by economic inducements - increasing
material incentives to leave and disincentives to stay.
Q.E.D.
What could be simpler or more compelling?
6>THE HOLOCAUST WITHOUT JEWS
ATTEMPTS TO UNIVERSALIZE THE SPECIFIC SUFFERING OF JEWS IN THE SHOAH GO HAND IN HAND WITH EFFORTS TO DE-LEGITIMIZE THE JEWISH STATE
Tablet Magazine, May 3, 2016
http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/201420/the-holocaust-without-jews
On Thursday, Israel will mark Holocaust Remembrance Day, Yom HaShoah. As has been the custom for over six decades, a 2-minute air raid siren will be blared across the entire country and citizens from all walks of life will interrupt their daily routines for a moment of solemn reflection. Jan. 27 of this year also marked the decade anniversary of the United Nations-designated International Holocaust Remembrance Day, which member states are encouraged to commemorate. Though an Israeli initiative, International Holocaust Remembrance Day has gradually been subjected to the universalizing prescriptions of those who would water down the particularly Jewish aspect of the Nazi extermination of the Jews.
The evolution of two different days of Holocaust commemoration and the ways they increasingly run counter to each other are symptomatic of the seizure of Jewish history and suffering for ulterior purposes. This victim displacement appropriates the most traumatic experience in Jewish history, pointedly erases the specificity of the events supposedly being commemorated, and then harshly chides Jews for inserting their own particularistic concerns into the discussion. At a certain point, these phenomena become a continuation of a specific form of oppression and erasure rather an antidote to "hatred."
Imagine a remembrance of slavery that did not acknowledge the suffering of African-Americans-or a commemoration of the AIDS epidemic omitting the experiences of gay men. Such acts of dissociation would be inconceivable, the subjects of rightful denunciations and outraged protests. Yet in recent years, that is precisely what has been going on with regard to the Holocaust and its chief victims, the Jews. Last month, Britain's National Union of Students (NUS)-which claims to represent some 7 million students across 600 campuses-debated whether it should even commemorate Holocaust Memorial Day. That this was a subject for argument is absurd enough; the actual proceedings were scandalous. "Of course there shouldn't be anti-Semitism," said a student speaking against the measure, offering the sort of throat-clearing assertion from which anti-Semitism almost inevitably follows. "But it's not about one set of people."
The fracas took place against a backdrop of resurgent anti-Semitism in British higher education and politics. Earlier this year, a co-chairman of Oxford University's Labor Party club quit after claiming that a large number of its members "have some kind of problem with Jews." Meanwhile, at the same convention where it debated the propriety of commemorating the Holocaust, the NUS elected as its president a young woman named Malia Bouattia, who had previously opposed a declaration condemning ISIS, railed against the "Zionist-led media," and advocated in favor of violent Palestinian "resistance" against Israel. Responding to critics in the pages of the Guardian, Bouattia began by noting that she is "the first black woman" and "the first Muslim" to be elected president of the NUS; the unspoken purpose of sharing these biographical details is that it is therefore impossible for her to be a bigot.
While the NUS measure endorsing Holocaust commemoration eventually passed, Darta Kaleja, a student at Chester University, no doubt spoke for many of her student comrades when she complained, to loud applause, that she wasn't against commemorating the Holocaust per se but rather "prioritizing some lives over others. . In my five years of UK education . not once were the genocides of Tibet, Rwanda, or Zanzibar taught to me and my peers." This is as logically fallacious as it is morally obscene; in no way does Holocaust remembrance obviate educational efforts about other slaughters. (On the contrary, the homepage of Britain's Holocaust Memorial Day Trust includes links to informational resources on the genocides in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, and Darfur.) One might expect Kaleja to be of Muslim or Arab extraction given the widespread resentment in those communities toward the memorialization of Jewish suffering. She is apparently from Latvia, however, where the locals did an especially thorough job of wiping out their Jewish neighbors without much prompting from the Germans.
The vociferous endorsement of Kaleja's sentiments by a roomful of left-wing students demonstrates the confluence of three distinct types of Holocaust minimization: the Eastern European nationalist attempt to "obfuscate" the extermination of 6 million Jews by relativizing it as just one of many "genocides" committed during World War II, the traditional Arab-Muslim denial or diminishment of the Holocaust as a grossly exaggerated event that pales in comparison to Israeli crimes, and a new progressive narrative that expunges Jewish suffering in its account of an amorphous, context-free misdeed-no worse, and holding no more meaning, than any other episode of mass murder-inflicted upon some generalized notion of "humanity." With respect to the latter, some go so far as to label the Holocaust an instance of "white on white crime" that, because its victims did not hail from the "global South," is undeserving of recognition.
Sometimes, the speaking of a Holocaust without Jews can be innocuous, the result of a muddle-headed utopianism that desperately avoids singling out any one group's suffering as having been worse than any other's. When Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau omitted any mention of Jews or anti-Semitism in his first commemorative statement for International Holocaust Remembrance Day, it was not due to any conscious bigotry on his part but a sort of purblind, mushy progressivism. Still, it is distressing that the sort of Holocaust revisionism that was always the sole province of the far right and Arab nationalists-simultaneously denying the Shoah while hijacking it to bully Jews as "the new Nazis"-is, in newfangled form, becoming a badge of progressive virtue.
***
To understand the perverse logic of the Holocaust without Jews, one must work backward from the political end goal of those pushing it: the de-legitimzation of the Jewish State. For if the Holocaust isn't about Jews, then Jews have no claim on their history, or reason to fear anti-Semitism, or the need for a state. The complaint used to be that Jews abused the Holocaust as a shakedown. Now, the Holocaust-at least as much as it was as a crime targeting the Jews above all others-doesn't exist at all.
Labeling Muslims "the new Jews" of Europe when anti-Semitic crimes are at a postwar high-and almost entirely the doing of Muslims-is a particularly egregious form of this confiscation of Jewish history and inversion of reality. (In many schools across Europe, teachers report that they have difficulty teaching the Holocaust for fear of reprisals by Muslim students.) So too are the sanctimonious reprimands bysoi-disant arbiters of good taste like the Atlantic's Jim Fallows, who scold Jews for invoking the Holocaust to contextualize contemporary anti-Semitic incitement. This most recent Holocaust Memorial Day, just a day after Iranian Ayatollah Ali Khameini posted a video on the Internet questioning whether the Holocaust even happened, the leading Scottish Nationalist Party politician Alex Salmond used a commemorative event at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg to scold not the Iranians but Israeli Knesset Member Michael Oren, who had criticized European governments for hosting the Iranian president on his whirlwind tour across the continent. There was a "time and place for international politics," Salmond intoned. "Someone had to say what a lot of people who attended the service were thinking." Well, bully for him, then.
In this era of hypersensitivity about "cultural appropriation" (which, taken to its extreme, has seen college campuses erupt in protest over yoga classes and the serving of bad Asian food in dining halls), it's noteworthy how often the greatest crime in human history is casually manipulated by those who purport to be concerned with "oppression." But to the mandarins of the progressive left, the Holocaust's meaning is always and necessarily to be found in its "universalism." According to this historical interpretation, the evil of the Nazis can be located in their abandonment of the European cosmopolitan tradition and descent into bestial particularism and nationalism-the very qualities that Israel, foremost among the nations, is charged with embodying today. This sleight of hand has the miraculous effect of clouding the causes of the Holocaust so that anti-Semitism is relegated to a background role, if it is mentioned at all. Harping on the fact of six million dead Jews, then, becomes weirdly tribal, even Nazi-like; asserting Jewish peoplehood is too close to asserting Aryan-ness, the disastrous results of which Europeans have been expiating for the past seven decades. It doesn't matter that there is no Israeli Auschwitz, or anything even approaching it; the particularism and nationalism of Israel is enough to imply everything that has followed or at least could follow. Israel is the carrier of the European disease that wise Europeans have transcended through their enormous, Christ-like suffering, and formation of the European Union.
Last November in Sweden, the organizers of a Kristallnacht commemoration chosenot to invite Jews lest the universal lessons of the Holocaust be marred by the official participation of the people who were its primary victims. Yet the left-wing activists who organized the rally had no problem with Palestinian flags or posters equating the Star of David to a swastika, both of which make annual appearances at an event ostensibly called to remember the genocide of Jewish people.
Erasing Jews from the history of the Holocaust makes the likening of them to Nazis more palatable. In the upcoming documentary film Let My People Go, Marcel Ophuls promises to expose modern-day Israel like he did Vichy France in his classic,The Sorrow and the Pity, telling similarly "unpleasant truths." Ophuls teamed up with Eyal Sivan, an Israeli filmmaker self-exiled in Paris who speaks of anti-Zionist Jews as a righteous minority akin to anti-Apartheid Afrikaners or members of the French resistance. To capture the full enormity of the Jewish State's depravity, the two traveled to Germany to meet with what Robert Mackey, the blogger then of theNew York Times, called "young Israeli dissidents" who fled the Jewish State, in the words of Sivan, "seeking refuge from Israel's politics in Berlin."
For the dwindling true-believers in a post-national Europe, it is hard to imagine a story that could be more satisfying than Jews fleeing their Nazi-like nation-state for the utopia of Berlin, whose residents have learned the lessons of their past as the stiff-necked Jews manifestly have not. For anyone not quite so enamored of the EU, it is hard to imagine a story that is at once so magnificently self-flattering, and which lets Europeans off the hook so completely for their repulsive historical crimes-while further enabling the deeply ingrained anti-Semitism that made those crimes so deadly.
Today's progressive narrative of the Holocaust without Jews is not altogether different from the last, great leftist attempt to deny the truth of the Shoah. After WWII, the Soviet Union and its puppet communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe solemnized the Nazis' victims as "anti-fascists," lumping in together the 6 million Jews who were, by dint of their birth, singled out for execution, alongside the communists and socialists who were targeted because of their political disposition. Emphasizing the specifically anti-Semitic nature of the Holocaust, communists worried, would work against their political purposes as the populations over which they ruled were quite anti-Semitic themselves-and had by and large looked away, or even eagerly participated, as their Jewish neighbors were carried off to the gas chambers. Ever amoral, the communists utilized anti-Semitism in much the same way Muslim regimes have exploited Jew-hatred to mobilize discontented populations; from the 1952 "Doctors' Plot" to the infamous Slansky Trial that same year to Poland's 1967-1968 Jewish purge, communist authorities raised the phantom menace of nefarious Jewish power, usually under the guise of "anti-Zionism." In his 1971 study Anti-Semitism Without Jews, Hungarian-born Austrian writer Paul Lendvai detailed the cynical ways that communist governments incited their people against imaginary Jewish threats in lands almost entirely depleted of their Jewish populations-and how those conspiratorial hysterias spoke to a deeper societal sickness having little to do with Jews. "The very fact that what we are witnessing is essentially an anti-Semitism without Jews is an all the more alarming symptom of moral pollution and political disintegration," he wrote. "The fewer Jews there are, the more the fight against racial hatred becomes primarily, almost exclusively in the interest of non-Jews."
If anti-Semitism without Jews is a marker of "moral pollution and political disintegration," then so too is the Holocaust without Jews an indicator of ethical rot. The lessons of the Holocaust are indeed universal, and Jews-contrary to the anti-Semitic stereotype of a selfish people hungry for the world's pity-have been at the forefront of applying its lessons to latter-day manifestations of bigotry, intolerance, and genocide. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, for instance, has an entire center devoted to the prevention of genocide, and practically no commemoration of the Holocaust-be it a book, a film, or a religious service-lacks mention of contemporary struggles against injustice.
Yet the Holocaust's universal meanings are not inconsistent with an appreciation of its singularity, both in terms of process (the first and only time a modern state carried out an industrial-scale, mechanized mass-mass murder with the aim of exterminating an entire people) and victims (primarily, but not exclusively, Jews). Indeed, these unique aspects of the Holocaust complement one other in distinguishing the event from any other crime against humanity. Without independently acknowledging both the universality and the historicity of the Holocaust, we will fail to understand what happened, and to whom-and how to prevent such a tragedy from ever happening again, to anyone.
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Janet Lehr If I am not for myself, WHO WILL BE?
IsraelLives If I am only for myself, WHAT AM I?
jane...@IsraelLives.org If not now, WHEN ?