Major League Umps Call More Strikes for Pitchers of Same Race
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LiveScience Staff
LiveScience.com Tue Aug 14, 11:55 AM ET
Major League Baseball umpires are more likely to call strikes for
pitchers of the same race or ethnicity, a new study finds.
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Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin analyzed every pitch
from the 2004 through 2006 major league seasons to explore whether
racial discrimination factored into umpires' decisions to call a pitch
a strike or a ball.
Just as discrimination in the labor market can affect disparities in
wages, promotion and performance evaluation, the researchers said,
possible discrimination by umpires could affect the outcome of games
and careers.
During a typical baseball game, umpires call about 75 pitches for each
team (they call about 400,000 pitches over the whole season-this
figure excludes foul balls), so an umpire's evaluation heavily
influences pitcher productivity and performance.
"Umpires judge the performance of players every game, deciding whether
pitches are strikes or balls," said study leader Daniel Hamermesh, who
will present his findings next month at his campus and later at the
University of North Carolina at Greensboro. "Discrimination affects
the outcome of a game and the labor market, determining the pitcher's
market value and compensation."
The researchers found if a pitcher is of the same race or ethnicity as
the home plate umpire, more strikes are called and his team's chance
of winning is improved.
The power to evaluate players' performances disproportionately
belonged chiefly to white umpires, while negative calls particularly
impacted minority pitchers, Hamermesh said.
But, this behavior diminishes when the umpire's calls are more closely
scrutinized-for example at ballparks with electronic monitoring
systems, in full count situation where there are 3 balls or 2 strikes,
or at well-attended games.
Hamermesh said the study is drawing more comments, so far, from his
colleagues than any of his previous work. "I did not know how many
economists are hung up on baseball," he told LiveScience.