- The Internet has become a place one veteran police
officer and father of six calls a virtual wasteland.
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- "For all intents and purposes, the Internet is
basically rotten with porn and child porn," says RCMP Corporal Jim
Gillis, the head of Project Horizon, a regional policing initiative
based in Halifax that deals with on-line child pornography.
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- He said the Internet porn industry generates about
$57-billion annually worldwide and supports more than four million
websites consisting of more than 370 million pages. Of that, he says,
there are more than 100,000 child porn sites raking in about
$2.5-billion a year.
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- "And those pictures are images of a crime in
progress," he says.
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- But stemming the tide hasn't been easy, and innocent
homeowners and businesses often play an unwitting role in the criminal
activity.
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- "The largest problems we face," says Detective
Sergeant Paul Gillespie of Metro Toronto's Internet sex crime squad,
"are the technological advances that the bad guys are certainly taking
advantage of."
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- Those advances include encryption, steganography
(hiding information in images or other files), software designed to
eliminate evidence and defeat attempts at data retrieval, highly
portable storage devices such as keychain drives and memory-equipped
watches, on-line libraries, advanced cellphones and personal digital
assistants (PDAs), freenets, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channels, and
botnets (networks of infected computers used to distribute or store
porn, unbeknownst to their owners).
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- "This is where they're hiding it. And it works," he
says.
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- Det. Sgt. Gillespie says more than half a million
child porn images are circulating, representing between 50,000 and
100,000 different victims. A growing part of the problem stems from
"bot" (short for robot) software planted by some computer viruses to
turn machines into electronic "zombies" that can be controlled
remotely by hackers. The machines usually appear to operate normally
to their users, but they could be surreptitiously relaying
child-porn-related traffic or storing illegal images to keep criminals
safe from detection.
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- According to RCMP Corporal Jacques Boucher, a member
of the Atlantic Tech Crime Unit, criminals are using thousands of
infected computers around the world gathered into zombie armies called
botnets. They can be used for anything from extortion and hiding the
source of massive e-mail spamming operations, to trafficking in child
porn.
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- "Why should Mr. Pornographer buy a computer from
Dell when he can use yours?" asks Ray Freeman, vice-president of
business development for PresiNet Systems, a five-year-old Victoria
company providing managed security services to small and mid-sized
businesses.
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- He says that despite the best of intentions, many
homeowners and businesses fail to provide and maintain adequate
security. "Nobody has looked at the firewall logs to see what happened
last year, never mind last night."
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- Mr. Freeman says it's impossible to thwart 100 per
cent of malicious attacks in an environment as dynamic and changeable
as the Internet, but people should ensure they have basic anti-virus,
firewall and network protection in place. "There are too many holes in
the castle wall," he says. "You need to have sentries watching the
traffic going in and out, in real time, looking for anomalous
patterns."
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- Suspected child pornography sites can now be
reported on-line at Cybertip.ca, a federally funded site operated by
Child Find Manitoba that was officially launched in Canada this week.
Law-enforcement agencies from three continents have also launched a
site, www.virtualglobaltaskforce.com, aimed at deterring and
preventing on-line exploitation of children. It combines the efforts
of law-enforcement agencies and industry in Canada, Britain, Australia
and the United States, as well as Interpol, under an international
alliance of law-enforcement agencies known as the Virtual Global
Taskforce.
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- And later this month, the Child Exploitation
Tracking System comes out of beta testing and goes into national
operation. This initiative resulted from Det. Sgt. Gillespie's e-mail
to Microsoft founder Bill Gates pleading for help in stemming the tide
of on-line child pornography. It promises to help police forces share
information and streamline the management of large volumes of
data.
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- But while few would argue against tough measures
aimed at the creators and distributors of child pornography, there is
growing concern about the criminalization of simple possession or
one-time viewing of illegal material.
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- "Some members of law enforcement say that anyone who
has this on their [computer] system is guilty of a crime, regardless
of how it got there," says data recovery expert Doug Coughey,
president and CEO of Recovery Force Inc. of Guelph, Ont. "I think
that's bull."
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- Some private computer consultants, particularly
those called in to conduct forensic examinations, are including a
clause in their contracts that they will report to police any illegal
content, such as child pornography, that they find on their clients'
computer networks. But Mr. Coughey points out that if a computer was
ever infected by a virus, worm or trojan, or if the user has ever
experienced dozens of windows (called popups) suddenly filling the
computer screen while surfing the Net, chances are good there is
illegal material on the hard drive.
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- "It would curl your hair what I found on some of
these machines" during routine data recovery efforts, Mr. Coughey
says.
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- Although current practices may turn up some
false-positives, law enforcement officials vow to keep up the pressure
in what is proving to be a difficult battle. Despite busts such as
this week's arrest by Toronto police of a man accused of distributing
thousands of child porn images around the world, Det. Sgt. Gillespie
says estimates from Interpol and the Federal Bureau of Investigation
suggest fewer than 400 cases worldwide have been cracked.
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- "It's staggeringly low," Det. Sgt. Gillespie told
delegates to the second annual conference on privacy, security and
trust in Fredericton last fall sponsored by the National Research
Council. His message: "If we all work together, we might be able to
make a difference."
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