The Last Remnants of the American Experience

[Harriet]

By Harriet Robbins © 5/16/2009
harri...@gmail.com

What you are about to read is meant to shake you up. It is also meant
to explain to you that many things that you have been taught to
believe as true, are in fact false. The truth I am about to address
are socio-economic in nature, that as the free market economist Ludwig
Von Mises once said, "Economics deals with society's fundamental
problems; it concerns everyone and belongs to all. It is the main and
proper study of every citizen." As an example we are not a democratic
society, we are not a democratic republic nor are we a capitalistic
free market society, and I will show you beyond a reasonable doubt
that these are just a few examples that you have been taught to
believe as true and are not. Sadly we are going to start out with
the most destructive and unbelievable falsehood, that we have a valid
“RULE OF LAW”.
In a recent Federal Appeals Court decision, one of the last straws of
liberty was taken away unnoticed by the majority of Citizens of this
great nation, which now places our country under the definition of a
Fascist Totalitarian State. Sounds scary but is this author just
trying to get your attention or can I really back up what I am
claiming. The Federal Court of Appeals ruled that the government does
not have to answer questioned posed under a formal Redress of
Grievance as enumeration under Article 1 of the Constitution. A group
of questions posed under similar circumstances by our found fathers to
King George fostered a small group headed by Thomas Jefferson to write
the Declaration of Independence. King George obviously failed to
answer the various questions posed by the Colonial Territories and our
forefathers took up arms. Arms sales have continuously accelerated
over the last 18 months but this is the worst method of change and
should be only our last choice. Our current Government has refused to
answer various specific legal questions concerning constitutional
issues posed by a group consisting of thousands of individuals known
as the We The People Foundation. The group filed suit to force the
government to answer these questions and a Federal Appeals Court
ruled that the government does not have to answer the questions and
the Supreme Court would not even hear the case. The questions dealt
with The War Power clauses, the Taxation Clauses, The Money Clauses
and what I call Individual Rights and protections Clauses. It is not
that I agree with all the positions of the We The People organization
but I do believe that We The People should have the right to ask
specific questions of government and have them answered either by the
Administrative, Legislative or the Judicial branches of our government
and I care not which one provides the answers but they must answer our
questions.

PRELIMINARY STATEMENTS OF THE CASE

In spite of Constitutional prohibitions, the Executive branch is
taxing the labor of the working men and women of America, forcing
companies to withhold that direct tax from the wages and earnings of
their workers, and Congress has acquiesced.

In spite of Constitutional prohibitions, the Executive branch has
applied the armed forces in hostilities in Iraq without a
Congressional declaration of war, taxing the labor of the People to
pay for the mischief, and the Congress has acquiesced.

In spite of Constitutional prohibitions, the Executive branch is
printing paper money without regard to any stockpile of gold or
silver, then selling that paper money to a cartel of private banks for
the cost of the ink and paper, then borrowing back that paper money
from that cartel with principal equal to the face amount printed on
the paper money and at an interest rate determined by the cartel, then
taxing the labor of citizens to pay the interest on that "debt," and
the Congress has acquiesced.

In spite of Constitutional guarantees, the Executive is collecting its
tax on labor through a nationwide campaign of fear, intimidation and
coercion and by the use of swarms of armed agents to search and seize
the private property of working Americans, and the Congress has
acquiesced.

In spite of Constitutional guarantees, the Executive and the Congress
have refused to hear the citizens' Petitions for Redress of these
grievances.

In spite of Constitutional guarantees, the Executive is harassing and
penalizing those citizens whose Petitions for Redress have gone
unanswered and who now are acting to stop the withholding and payment
of the illegal direct tax on labor, and tribunals inferior to the
Supreme Court are cooperating in this abuse of government power.
The Government of the United States is committing wrongful,
unconstitutional acts resulting in injuries, loss and damage to the
majority of American Citizens.

The Constitution is hanging by a thread - the First Amendment Right to
Petition, which includes the Right of Redress "BEFORE TAXES", is the
only non-violent means by which the American people can directly
confront unlawful government conduct. This Right to Petition is
essential to the protection and preservation of individual liberty and
equal justice under the law. The American People are being
systematically denied this unalienable Right by the Executive,
Legislative and Judicial branches of the federal government.

We The People have Petitioned the Executive and the Legislative
branches. We now Petition to test the attitude of the Judiciary. We
seek a declaration of our Rights and injunctive relief.
The Final Result: A group of corrupt Judges have made the
determination, that government is no long bound under Article 1 of the
Constitution to acknowledge and answer questions formally posed under
the Redress of Grievance Clause and our elected Representatives will
not pass any legislation for its enforcement. The “Right” to Redress
of Grievance has been denied by our government and the entire
preparatory and legal history of the case can be read at http://www.givemeliberty.org

The Money Clauses of our Constitution are going to shed some light on
several fallacious beliefs that many wrongly hold about our society.
One, there is a rule of law. If the various States and Federal
Government can break the law or the U.S. Constitution, therefore a
valid Rule of Law does not exist. Two provisions in our Constitution
conclude the requirements of the use of gold and silver by our banking
system. (1.) Article 1 Section 8, paragraph 5. The Congress shall have
the Power To….coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of Foreign
Coin and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures. With paper fiat
currency these requirements cannot be fulfilled. We do not weigh or
create standard of measures for paper we only place different numbers
on them and Foreign Coin is prohibited from being used as legal tender
and therefore government cannot regulate their values. (2.) Article 1
Section 10, paragraph 1, clause 5. No State shall; make any Thing but
gold and silver Coin a Tender in payment of Debts. When government
made paper notes legal tender this Constitutional requirement was
violated and so was the “Rule of Law”. Those States and the Federal
government, by passing various legal tender laws requiring Citizens to
only utilized fiat paper currency clearly usurped the Constitutional
intent of our founding fathers and therefore paper money is
constitutionally illegal until such time as those Constitution clauses
are repealed and a new amendment legalizing paper money as legal
tender is enacted. Gold confiscated by the FDR administration in 1933
was an illegal act and there is no other way in which to portray or
condone such action and in hindsight it was a lot more destructive to
our society than originally thought is a contributory factor to our
current economic meltdown. A true “Rule of Law” does not exist. It is
more like the current rulers make the law and you can’t even ask
questions the meaning of the terms or the interpretations of its
content. Let me rephrase that; you can ask the questions they just
won’t answer them so therefore our constitution and the rule of law is
a fallacy.
The second falsehood that the unlawful and illegal implementation of
debt based fiat paper money as legal tender by government has done is
to make a very important distinction between a capitalist free market
economic system and socialism economic system. When money is created
and lending controlled by government and central banking and when it
is not derived by the free market, that makes for various reasons, a
system that can be centrally controlled and manipulated from the top
down. The statement that you hear political and financial pundits
often make that we are a free market economy is highly false. A
central bank is the 5th platform of communism and paper money would
never be excepted unless by political force using police power as it
was in 1933 under the Presidential Executive Order number 6102 that
forced Citizens to turn their gold into the government in exchange for
paper currency. Basically the government and central bank stole the
gold and instituted an unconstitutional paper currency. Gold and
Silver coin has historically been the market derived currency or money
and probably will be again as fiat currencies have always historically
ended up reaching their intrinsic value.
Both Democracy and free enterprise are dramatically curtailed as
citizens become increasing taxed, regulated and manipulated by very
powerful central bankers and politicians who used money creation and
lending power to manipulate commerce and government contracts via
cronyism. It is my belief that the institution of fiat currency and
central banking are the two most destructive elements to free
enterprise and democracy and there is an extensive array of literature
to support those claims. Although Marx and Keynes are still quoted by
progressives/socialists, their lies have long been exposed by the
voluminous amount of Austrian literature and their authors especially
over the last 25 years, no longer really attempt to debate Austrians
in legitimate platforms of debate. We will challenge any socialist
of progressive individual or group to any amount of written debates on
any socio-economic policy as long as the medium allows for the fair
exchange of ideas. If you reflect on recent history, socialists and
progressives usually refuse to allow and feedback or criticism and
focus on mediums and staging where their writings and monologs cannot
be fully challenged; a historic standard tactic and practice of the
ruling class who use socialism as a means of manipulation to the
naivety of the average person. Amazingly the majority have been
exploited and they are not really aware of that fact. Just look at
who has been recently bailed out by government and it is easy to see
who is in power and what group of cronies are being protected.
My friend Debi noted that We The People are now stockholders in
Chrysler, GM, Ford, AIG and 9 other insurance companies and about 18
banks. When am I going to receive my dividends and am I going to have
to pay more taxes to pay for the lack of profits made by these “too
big” to fail companies. Am I getting hosed by the ruling class or is
the middle class going to really benefit from all this socialism.
There is no difference between nationalizing a company as communists
call for and taking partial ownership of a percentage of the shares of
a company. There is little chance that the majority will benefit from
these activities so don’t hold your breath waiting for the benefits as
the profits will be skimmed off by the ruling elites and if recent
history continued the liabilities will be continued to be passed on to
the taxpayer. In socialist and communists countries history has
surely shown that the middle class slowly becomes poorer and poorer.
Why people think that paying money to government to provide goods and
services instead of paying for the good and services themselves, I can
only assume that they don’t do the math and add up the costs of the
inefficient bureaucracy as a middle man between the good and service
providers and the consumers. Have they not learned that government
regulators almost always do a poor job and that caveat emptor is a
wise policy as both an investor and a consumer. No one is going to
protect you interest better than you. Expecting government bureaucrats
to protect your best interest is a foolish position especially when it
comes to money and is one of the most costly elements of business.
High tax rates could be eliminated if the regulatory waste was
eliminated. Why people believe that regulation works, after seeing
the results of the economic meltdown. When are people going to come
to the reality that government regulation is a fraud of the highest
level that taxes precious money away from the individual’s ability to
care for, watch after and regulate their own affairs. Ask the
investors of Bernard Madoff, if they could exchange the amount of
money paid to the SEC to regulate security firms for the ability to
pay their own accountants/advisers to do the due-diligence for their
investments with him. If people had a choice, the Security and
Exchange Commission would not get a nickel. Regulate your own affairs
and you will be much better off and much more prosperous.
So you have now been shown that a rule of law does not really exist as
the Constitution is basically ignored by each and every generation in
power for most of the last 100 years. I’ve only pointed out a few of
the usurpations of our Constitution but there are many more once you
start to study this issue. You have been shown that not even our money
is legal and lawful and that we are much more socialistic/communistic
then we are taught to believe. By definition we are a fascist
oligarchy, which you should look up the terms to try to understand,
and we are surely not a free enterprise economy. The level of taxation
and government fees, the size of government and amount of regulatory
controls are what dictates the economic affairs of a society. When
government issues a tax on all property being either real estate,
mined or manufactured that is the economic basis of fascism. I said
before that I can back up every aspect of this essay and will debate
anyone under a fair platform but I’m keeping it as short as possible
to maintain interest.
The fallacy of a democracy or a democratic republic is the last issue
I will address in this essay. It is one of those things that we just
really have not thought much about as we contemplate the various forms
of government. We just assume and have been taught that since
government exists that it is the best and fairest method of running it
since all other potential methods are even worse. We will not even get
into the legitimate functions of government as that is an issue of
great magnitude and debate. I am going to address the actual
principles and realistic elements of Democracy and even though a
democracy and a democratic republic are quite different they still
employ the basis of a democracy; majority decision making using
various levels of plurality from the simple majority 50% + 1 vote to a
2/3’s majority vote for constitutional issues and overriding a
veto.
I submit that it is not so much that a democracy can or cannot exist,
it is that it cannot “effectively” exist in the realm of realistic
human behavior. Political compromise, greed, irresponsibility and
ignorance distort the effectiveness and outcome to such a degree that
any potential benefits are not only negated but are often times
manipulated or exacerbated to the detriment of society. Obviously
democracy exists but it does not work to the benefit of the majority.
It’s interesting that we all can see and are experiencing a system
that doesn’t appear to be working very well. You speak to anyone and
they will tell you many things that they are unhappy with or disagree
with the outcome of our so-called democratic process yet the
alternatives are even worse. Dictatorships, oligarchies,
aristocracies, monarchies, theocracies and various forms of military
controls have all yielded horrible results, so modern societies no
longer even consider such systems as viable. Democracies have also
yielded horrible results over the long run throughout history but what
other forms of government are left.
I like to start out by picking on Public Education Schools Teachers,
to make my point, since they are placed on the highest pillar of
public service for providing such a perceived beneficial service at
relatively low wages. Right now at least most of them still have a
job. Ask a public school teacher if they would vote for a candidate
that supports less government funding from public education. Most
parents surveyed however would choose private or parochial education
if they had the money and some people disrespect public education so
much that they are willing to home school despite still having to pay
property taxes for public education. The point however is that
somehow through our Democratic process we as a nation have instituted
Public Education based on the primary premise that all children should
have access to education, despite the ability of the parent(s) to pay
for it. Free education for all children is also the agenda of
socialism and communism and is the 10th platform of the Communist
Manifesto by Karl Marx and therefore it is an enactment in direct
opposition to free enterprise. However off the tract this is another
one of many facts that dispels the erroneous concept that we are a
free market socio-economic system. The majority of the wealthy send
their children to private schools, many religious people send their
children to parochial schools and many people opt to home school their
children so is public education truly a system that was created for
and on behalf of the will of the majority and does it truly benefit
the majority. And the important aspect of this analysis; did
democracy work in the formulation of public education. Remember that
is my premise; that democracy does not nor cannot work for the benefit
of the majority.
Remember my premise is that people are either too greedy, too poorly
educated, to irresponsible or that political compromise effectively
corrupts the democratic process or all of the above.
1. Greed:
Of course anybody who is poor is going to welcome public education as
that is just one less thing to concern themselves with when
considering having children. They can actually have more children
than they can afford since other people are going to be contributing
taxes to pay for their children’s education. That is a form of greed
or more specifically selfishness as they are willing to take money
from others by the force of taxation to pay for their happiness of
having children. To the people that can’t or decide not to have
children, it is somewhat unfair as they are having to pay for the
education of other parents children depriving themselves the use of
the money that they must contribute through taxation. Of course those
that are able to pay for private and parochial education must also
contribute through the force of taxation to those that have children
that they cannot afford to educate which is unfair for them and
selfish for those that force others to help support their children. To
help others is altruism but to be forced to do it through a system of
a redistribution of wealth promotes irresponsibility and greed.
Do you think that the individuals working in public education such as
the teachers are going to vote for candidate that support increased
funding for education or decreased funding for education? I have
never seen the funding levels of public education cut in my lifetime
except when forced to do so by deep recessions when revenue
substantially decreases and I must make a point in that the
unemployment rate within the public educational system dwarfs that of
those creating the wealth in the private sector during these periods
which is also unfair to those in the private sector. Once government
bureaucracies are institutionalized they are generally treated
superior to their counterparts in the private sector from a job
security standpoint which contributes to the poor performance of the
system.
2. Ignorance:
Let face it just because a person has the right to vote does not mean
that they have a great enough understanding of the issues to make the
right vote for the right candidate. I think being greedy is ignorant
and I think a school teacher that votes for what is in their own best
interest is both greedy and ignorance as they should be voting for
what is in the best interest of the majority. If they do vote for
something that is truly in the best interest of the majority and it
happens to benefits you that is another story but that is not the case
for many, many people. Do military contractors vote for candidates
that promise less military spending? Do wind turbine manufacturers
vote for candidates that want to decrease government subsidies for
wind power? Do the elderly vote for candidates that want to increase
or decrease benefits to the elderly. Are you starting to see the
pattern. If people are voting for their own greater access to the
public treasury, those candidates that promise greater government
expenditures are going to get elected and those candidates which are
attempting to do what in the best interest of the majority are not
going to get elected. The potential benefits of a true democracy are
negated. Why do you think that I can prove that almost every
politician in my lifetime has lied on their campaign promises include
our current President. Why do you think that government expenditures
are at the level they are, and that we finally ran out of ways to try
to fund these $multi-trillion deficits. We even tried repealing old
socialistic enactment like the Glass Stigal Act that allowed in a bit
of competition back in the market but we were so far in the red that
nothing could save the system from the recent meltdown. Voting for
what is in your own best interest when it is not in the best interest
of the majority is greed and as you can see greed and ignorance go
hand and hand.
3. Political Compromise:
Now throw in the deal making of the politicians as they attempt to get
support for their favored bill and you get the, I’ll vote for your
bill if you vote for my bill even though each wouldn’t vote for the
others bill if they hadn’t made the deal. So elected representative
are making deals and trying to give everyone what they want through
the redistribution of wealth system, someone will always unfairly be
shortchanged. We have gotten what we deserve. Tax rates greater than
the medieval surfs, that has either bankrupted our manufacturing base
or forced them to off shore jurisdictions. And let’s not forget the
largest government deficit in the history of the world.
4. Irresponsibility:
Several things must be said that are going to ruffle some feathers in
that we are all guilty of irresponsibility and ignorance for what has
happened to our country. We have not been able to form a substantive
alliance among the Citizens of our country to alter our course and
that is a direct reflection on our greed, ignorance and
irresponsibility. In my opinion ignorance in what Von Mises called
political economy and I call socio-economics is the single most
important factor affecting our society. We are always going to have
to deal with those that are greedy but knowing how to deal with that
type individual is also a part of the socio-economic understanding.
Those that do not educate themselves in this area should not vote and
those that promote others to vote when their competency levels are not
great enough should be chastised.
The advocates of the Austrian/libertarian economic model have detailed
over the last century that what is happening today was going to happen
and not only did they tell you this, those like Dr. Ron Paul, Robert
Higgs, the late Murray Rothbard, Milton Friedman, and many others told
you what had to be done to stop this from happening. I suggest you
start reading and listening to what they wrote and said more closely.
And do me a great favor, stop listening to the politicians and
financial pundits on TV and from the main press as they are for the
most part, bought and paid for. Here’s my short list of those that do
understand and support much of what I have just outlined and this does
not include many other great authors and supporters of liberty:
• Bruce L. Benson
DeVoe Moore Distinguished Research Professor of Economics, Florida
State University
• Ivan Eland
Senior Fellow and Director, Center on Peace & Liberty, The Independent
Institute
• Robert Higgs
Senior Fellow in Political Economy. Editor, The Independent Review.
• Robert H. Nelson
Professor, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland
• Charles Peña
Senior Fellow, The Independent Institute
• William F. Shughart II
Frederick A. P. Barnard Distinguished Professor of Economics,
University of Mississippi
• Alvaro Vargas Llosa
Senior Fellow, Center on Global Prosperity
• Richard K. Vedder
Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Economics, Ohio
University
• Gary M. Anderson
Professor of Economics, California State University, Northridge
• Karen LaFollette Araujo
President, Hemispheric Studies Institute
• Dominick T. Armentano
Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Hartford
• Robert C. Arne
Co-Director, The School of Choice
• George B. N. Ayittey
Distinguished Economist in Residence in the Department of Economics at
American University.
• Thompson Ayodele
• Stephen Baskerville
Associate Professor of Government at Patrick Henry College and author
of Taken Into Custody: The War Against Fathers, Marriage, and the
Family (Cumberland House, 2007).
• Jonathan J. Bean
• Scott A. Beaulier
Assistant Professor of Economics in Mercer University’s Stetson School
of Business and Economics
• Wilfred Beckerman
Professor of Economics, Oxford University, England
• Boris Begovic
Professor of Economics at the School of Law at the University of
Belgrade
• David T. Beito
Professor of History, University of Alabama
• Daniel K. Benjamin
Professor of Economics, Clemson University
• Kiran Bhatt
Economist, K.T. Analytics, Inc.
• Erwin A. Blackstone
Professor of Economics at Temple University
• Peter J. Boettke
Professor of Economics at George Mason University
• Boudewijn R. A. Bouckaert
Professor of Law, University of Ghent, Belgium
• Donald J. Boudreaux
Chairman and Professor, Department of Economics, George Mason
University
• Samuel Jan Brakel
Vice President, Management, Legal Affairs and Project Development,
Isaac Ray Center, Inc.
• Timothy J. Brennan
Professor of Policy Sciences, University of Maryland
• Jo-Christy Brown
Partner, Brown, Carls & Mitchell, L.L.P.
• Richard C. K. Burdekin
Professor of Economics, Claremont-McKenna College
• Laurie L. Calhoun
Director of Publications at the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute at Harvard
University
• Noel D. Campbell
Professor of Economics, North Georgia College & State University
• Thomas F. Cargill
Professor of Economics, University of Nevada
• Allan C. Carlson
President, Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society
• Christopher J. Check
Executive Vice President, Rockford Institute
• Carl P. Close
Research Fellow and Academic Affairs Director, The Independent
Institute
• Lloyd R. Cohen
Professor of Law, George Mason University
• Timothy J. Considine
Director, Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, Pennsylvania State
University
• Tyler Cowen
General Director of the Mercatus Center and the James M. Buchanan
Center for Political Economy at George Mason University
• Christopher J. Coyne
Assistant Professor of Economics at West Virginia University.
• Terry Daniel
Professor of Business, University of Alberta
• Patricia M. Danzon
Professor of Health Care Systems, Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania
• Stephen J. Davies
Professor of English and History, Manchester Polytechnic, England
• Alan Day
Professor, London School of Economics
• Anthony de Jasay
• Robert T. Deacon
Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Donald N. DeWees
Professor of Economics, University of Toronto, Canada
• Thomas J. DiLorenzo
Professor of Economics, Loyola College in Maryland
• David E. Dismukes
Professor of Economics, Loyola College in Maryland
• Justus D. Doenecke
Professor of History, New College, University of South Florida
• George W. Douglas
Economic Counsel, George W. Douglas and Company
• Kevin Dowd
Professor of Financial Risk Management, University of Nottingham,
England
• Donald A. Downs
Professor of Political Science, Law and Journalism, University of
Wisconsin
• Stephen P. Dresch
Former Dean, Michigan Technological University's School of Business
and Engineering Administration
• Robert B. Ekelund
Edward and Catherine Lowder Emminent Scholar of Economics, Auburn
University
• Richard A. Epstein
James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor of Law, University
of Chicago
• Williamson M. Evers
Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
• Hugo J. Faria
Professor of Economics and Finance at the Instituto de Estudios
Superiores de Administracion in Caracas, Venezuela
• Roger D. Feldman
Professor, Center for Health Services Research, University of
Minnesota
• Antony G. N. Flew
Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, University of Reading, England
• Fred E. Foldvary
Professor of Economics, Santa Clara University
• Kenneth R. Foster
Professor of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania
• Arthur E. Foulkes
Professor of Government, Northwood University
• Elizabeth Fox-Genovese
Eleanore Raoul Professor of Humanities, Emory University
• David T. Fractor
Manager, Forensic Economics, Findlay Phillips & Associates
• H. E. Frech
Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Lowell E. Gallaway
Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Economics, Ohio
University
• Paula A. Gant
Fellow in Economics, Auburn University
• Bruce L. Gardner
Professor of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of
Maryland
• Adam Gifford
Professor of Economics, California State University, Northridge
• David Glasner
Staff Economist, Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade Commission
• Peter Gordon
Professor of Planning and Economics, University of Southern
California
• Brian C. Gothberg
Instructor in American history and the history of Western civilization
at the Academy of Art University
• William M. Gray
Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University
(CSU), head of the Tropical Meteorology Project at CSU, and a Fellow
of the American Meteorological Society
• David G. Green
Director, Health and Welfare Unit, Institute of Economic Affairs,
England
• Thomas Grennes
Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University
• David D. Haddock
Professor of Law, Northwestern University
• Simon Hakim
Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Competitive
Government at Temple University
• Stephen P. Halbrook
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Joshua C. Hall
Dan Searle Fellow in Economics at West Virginia University
• Ronald Hamowy
Emeritus Professor of History, University of Alberta, Canada
• Steve H. Hanke
Professor of Applied Economics, Johns Hopkins University
• Ronald W. Hansen
Professor of Management, University of Rochester
• Clark C. Havighurst
William Neal Reynolds Professor of Law, Duke University
• Ian G. Heggie
Roads Advisor, World Bank; Lecturer, University of Birmingham
• Eric A. Helland
Professor of Economics, Claremont McKenna College
• Peter J. Hill
George F. Bennett Professor of Economics, Wheaton College
• Jack Hirshleifer
Professor of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles
• William W. Hogan
Professor of Public Policy, Kennedy School, Harvard University
• Randall G. Holcombe
DeVoe Moore Professor of Economics, Florida State University
• Peter W. Huber
Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute
• Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Assistant Professor of Economics, San Jose State University
• David Isenberg
Research Fellow at the Independent Institute
• Gail A. Jensen
Professor, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University
• Don B. Kates, Jr.
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Charles E. Kay
Professor of Political Science, Utah State University
• Robert E. Keleher
Chief Macroeconomist, Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Congress
• Michael K. Kellogg
Senior Partner, Kellogg, Huber & Hansen
• C. Ronald Kimberling
Senior Vice President and Provost, Phillips College, Inc.
• Daniel B. Klein
Professor of Economics at George Mason University; co-author of
FDAReview.org
• Andrew N. Kleit
Professor of Energy and Environmental Economics, Pennsylvania State
University
• Bruce H. Kobayashi
Professor of Law, George Mason University
• William E. Kovacic
Professor of Law, George Mason University
• Timur Kuran
Professor of Economics and Political Science and Gorter Family Chair
in Islamic Studies at Duke University
• Deepak K. Lal
James S. Coleman Professor of International Development Studies,
University of California at Los Angeles
• James A. Langenfeld
Former Deputy Assistant Director, Bureau of Economics, Federal Trade
Commission
• Robert A. Lawson
Associate Professor of Finance at Auburn University
• Christopher Layne
Mary Julia and George R. Jordan Professorship of International Affairs
at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas
A&M University
• Dwight R. Lee
Ramsey Chair, Department of Economics, Terry School of Business,
University of Georgia
• Peter T. Leeson
BB&T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at George Mason University
• David R. Legates
Professor and Director of the Center for Climate Research, University
of Delaware
• Pierre Lemieux
Visiting Professor of Economics, Universitè du Quèbec en Outaouais,
Canada
• David M. Levinson
Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota
• Stan J. Liebowitz
Ashbel Smith Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for the
Analysis of Property Rights and Innovation, University of Texas,
Dallas
• Cotton M. Lindsay
Professor of Economics, Clemson University
• James M. Lindsay
Professor of Political Science, University of Iowa
• Edward J. Lopez
Professor of Economics, San Jose State University
• Ian S. Lustick
Bess W. Heyman Chair of Political Science and Director of Graduate
Studies in the Political Science Department at the University of
Pennsylvania
• Spencer Heath MacCallum
Director, Heather Foundation
• Jonathan R. Macey
J. DuPratt White Professor of Law, Cornell University
• Tibor R. Machan
Professor of Philosophy, Chapman University
• William C. MacLeod
Partner, Kelley Drye & Warren LLP
• John D. Majewski
Professor of History, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Stephen E. Margolis
Head, Department of Economics, North Carolina State University
• William Marina
Professor Emeritus in History at Florida Atlantic University
• J. Victor Marshall
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Joseph P. Martino
Senior Research Scientist, University of Dayton
• Kenneth R. Mayer
Professor of Political Science, University of Wisconsin
• Fred S. McChesney
Class of 1967 James B. Haddad Professor of Law, Northwestern
University
• Paul W. McCracken
Edmund Ezra Day Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of
Business Administration, Economics, and Public Policy, University of
Michigan; former Chairman, President's Council of Economics Advisors
• Wendy McElroy
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Tom Means
Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for Economic
Education at San Jose State University
• Roger E. Meiners
Professor of Economics, University of Texas, Arlington
• John D. Merrifield
Professor of Economics, University of Texas, San Antonio
• Peter P. Metrinko
Former attorney advisor to a Commissioner at the Federal Trade
Commission
• Robert J. Michaels
Professor of Economics, California State University, Fullerton
• Jeffrey A. Miron
Professor of Economics, Harvard University
• Herbert Mohring
Professor of Economics, University of Minnesota
• Mike Moore
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Michael A. Morrisey
Director, Lister Hill Center for Health Policy, University of Alabama
• Andrew P. Morriss
H. Ross and Helen Workman Professor of Law, University of Illinois
• George W. Nicholson
Associate Justice for the Court of Appeal, Third District, State of
California
• Randal O'Toole
Senior Fellow, Thoreau Institute
• Edward A. Olsen
Professor of National Security Studies, Naval Postgraduate School
• Ernest C. Pasour Jr.
Professor Emeritus of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North
Carolina State University
• James L. Payne
Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Director of Lytton
Research and Analysis
• Ilan Peleg
Dean Professor of Social Sciences, Lafayette College
• Lewis Perry
John Francis Bannon Endowed Chair of History, St. Louis University
• Craig S. Pirrong
Professor of Economics, University of Houston
• Andre Plourde
Professor of Business, University of Alberta
• Daniel D. Polsby
Associate Dean, School of Law, George Mason University
• Robert W. Poole Jr.
Founder, Reason Foundation
• Benjamin Powell
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute; Assistant Professor of
Economics, Suffolk University
• Lawrence S. Powell
Whitbeck-Beyer Chair of Insurance and Financial Services and Assistant
Professor of Health Services Research at the University of Arkansas at
Little Rock
• Randall J. Pozdena
Managing Director, ECONorthwest
• Adam C. Pritchard
Professor of Law, University of Michigan
• David W. Rasmussen
Director, Policy Sciences Center, Florida State University
• William Ratliff
Research Fellow and Curator of the Americas Collection at the Hoover
Institution
• Michael Reksulak
Assistant Professor of Economics at Georgia Southern University
• Nicholas Rescher
University Professor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh
• Harry W. Richardson
Professor of Policy, Planning & Development, University of Southern
California
• Sheldon L. Richman
Editor, The Freeman
• Paul Craig Roberts
Chairman, Institute of Political Economy; Former Assistant Secretary
for Economic Policy, U.S. Department of the Treasury
• Kenneth J. Robinson
Senior Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
• Neil Roden
Manager, Private Finance Team, Highways Agency, United Kingdom
Department of Transport
• Robert A. Rogowsky
Director of Operations, U.S. International Trade Commission
• Gabriel Roth
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Simon Rottenberg
Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Massachusetts
• Paul H. Rubin
Professor of Economics and Law, Emory University
• Randal R. Rucker
Professor of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State
University
• Andrew R. Rutten
• Barbara A. Ryan
Vice President of Industry Analysis, Capital Economics
• David O. Sacks
Former Vice President, Product Strategy, PayPal, Inc.
• Peter Samuel
Editor and Publisher, Toll Roads Newsletter
• Kurt A. Schuler
Economics Consultant
• Jordan A. Schwarz
Professor of History, Northern Illinois University
• George Selgin
Professor of Economics at the University of Georgia and BB&T Professor
of Free Market Thought at West Virginia University
• John Semmens
Senior Planner, Arizona Department of Transportation
• Eugenia D. Short
Former Senior Economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
• Randy T. Simmons
Professor of Economics, Utah State University
• S. Fred Singer
Professor Emeritus of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia
• Vernon L. Smith
Member of the Board of Advisors, The Independent Institute; Nobel
Laureate in Economic Science; Professor of Law and Director of the
Economic Science Institute, Chapman University
• Russell S. Sobel
Professor of Economics, West Virginia University
• John W. Sommer
Knight Distinguished Professor of Geography, University of North
Carolina
• Joel H. Spring
Professor of Education, State University of New York, New Paltz
• Samuel R. Staley
Director of Urban and Land Use Policy, Reason Foundation
• Robert B. Stinnett
Author, Day of Deceit: The Truth about FDR and Pearl Harbor
• Edward P. Stringham
Associate Professor of Economics at San Jose State University
• Joseph R. Stromberg
Independent Historian
• Richard L. Stroup
Professor of Economics, Montana State University
• Edward C. Sullivan
Professor of Civil Engineering, California State Polytechnic
University
• Paul Sullivan
Professor of Economics, National Defense University
• Shirley V. Svorny
Professor of Economics, California State University, Northridge
• Alexander T. Tabarrok
Research Director, The Independent Institute
• Eric R. Taylor
• Peter A. Thiel
Founder, Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, PayPal, Inc.
• Mark Thornton
Senior Fellow, Ludwig von Mises Institute
• Richard H. Timberlake, Jr.
Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Georgia
• James Tooley
Professor of Education Policy, University New Castle, England
• Gordon Tullock
University Professor of Law and Economics and Distinguished Research
Fellow, George Mason University
• Charlotte Twight
Adjunct Fellow; Professor of Economics, Boise State University
• Frank van Dun
Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
• Olegario G. Villoria Jr.
President, OGV Consulting, Inc.
• Richard E. Wagner
Hobart R. Hobart Professor of Economics, George Mason University
• Thomas F. Walton
Former Economist, Federal Trade Commission
• Michael Ward
Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, former Chaplain of
Peterhouse at Cambridge University
• Alan Rufus Waters
Professor of Finance and Business Law, California State University,
Fresno
• William J. Watkins Jr.
Research Fellow, The Independent Institute
• Jilleen R. Westbrook
Professor of Economics, Temple University
• Robert M. Whaples
Professor and Chair in the Department of Economics at Wake Forest
University
• Winslow T. Wheeler
Director of the Straus Military Reform Project at the Center for
Defense Information
• Lawrence J. White
Arthur E. Imperatore Professor of Economics, New York University
• Lawrence H. White
Friedrich A. Hayek Professor of Economic History, University of
Missouri, St. Louis
• Douglas Glen Whitman
Assistant Professor of Economics, California State University,
Northridge
• Thomas D. Willett
Horton Professor of Economics, Claremont Graduate University
• Bruce Yandle
Alumni Professor of Economics, Clemson University
• Leland B. Yeager
Ludwig von Mises Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics, Auburn
University
• Brenda Yelvington
Fellow in Accounting, University of Mississippi
• José Maria J. Yulo
Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and Lecturer in
Philosophy and Western Civilization at the Academy of Art University
In Memoriam Research Fellows
• David L. Kaserman
late Torchmark Professor of Economics, Auburn University
• William C. Mitchell
Emeritus Professor of Political Science, University of Oregon
• Murray N. Rothbard
late S. J. Hall Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of
Nevada, Las Vegas
• Larry J. Sechrest
Professor of Economics, Sul Ross State University
• Frederick Seitz
Former President, Rockefeller University; former President, National
Academy of Science
• John T. Wenders
late Professor of Economics, University of Idaho