研究报告:中国网路审查心脏之旅
A chinese
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【大纪元10月11日讯】（大纪元记者田清综合编译) 在中共党大会前夕，一个记者无疆界(Reporters Without Borders)和中
国维权人士(Chinese Human Rights Defenders)合作的"网路审查心脏之旅"(Journey to the
Heart of Internet censorship)项目中，一名在科技资讯产业任职的中国网路专家对中共官方的网路审查、监控和宣传制度的主
要机制做出了独家研究。记者无疆界周三公布了这份研究报告。
记者无疆界和中国维权人士表示，中共这个网路审查系统全球无双，而且是对网路自由精神的污辱。记者无疆界表示，" 离北京奥运不到一年，中共必须尽快停
止封锁数千个网站，审查网路新闻和监禁网路异议人士。"
报告显示，中国共产党和政府是如何部署庞大的人力和财力，来封锁网路的言论自由。中国的新闻网站和博客在国家和地方层级都受到宣传机器的编审控制。
网路的使用在中国持续成长。中国现在有超过1.6亿的网客和至少130万个网站，不过网路的言论和资讯自由却受到中共政府线上审查和监控系统的摧残。
"网路审查心脏之旅"的报告说明了这个控制系统如何运作，并且指出几个执行监控的主要部门如网路宣传局 （国务院新闻办的分支），新闻局（中共的宣传部
(先前文宣部)的分支）和网路局（ Internet Bureau，另一个宣传部的分支）。
报告也提供北京的网路局如何对北京的主要新闻网站实行每日审查。报告的最后一部份提出了对这个过滤关键字控制机制的系列测试结果。这些测试清楚地显示
出，虽然审查的程度还有许多不一致，不过中共已经成功地强制 网路媒体屈从并对敏感议题严格自我审查。
这份报告建议网客使用代理伺服器，利用各省间审查或管理程度的不同，并且使用新的网路科技（博客，讨论论坛，网路电话等等。）
中国的网路审查在如何监控网站并消除敏感内容方面越来越系统化又复杂化。报告说，中共对网上的舆论严密监控，每天和每周向高阶领导人报告，并且采取各类
技术让网站的新闻报导一致。
许多网站一天收到主管部门高达5次的要求，要他们如何处理敏感议题或是命令他们拒登或拿下特定内容的指示。
报告表示，审查员用来监控并与网站沟通的方式也多样化，包括每周开会，电子邮件，透过许多程式的线上即时通知，甚至是手机短讯。
报告说，今年5月，搜狐和企博网这两个知名网站，在报导黄菊过世时忽略了不用官方新华社之外报导的指示而被罚款。网路公司的主管和编辑从2004年起，
被强迫发表另类意识形态控制的文章。
新闻来源：记者无疆界、路透社
(http://www.dajiyuan.com)
10/11/2007 8:30:56 PM
taide...@163.com
On 10月15日, 上午11时20分, A chinese <hometown.ka...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 研究报告:中国网路审查心脏之旅
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
taide...@163.com
On 10月15日, 上午11时20分, A chinese <hometown.ka...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 研究报告:中国网路审查心脏之旅
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
>
taide...@163.com
On 10月15日, 上午11时20分, A chinese <hometown.ka...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 研究报告:中国网路审查心脏之旅
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
>
Janad@G2G
从头再来！灌水民工
Janad@G2G
Chinese Internet Censorship Machine Revealed
InformationWeek
A 11, 2007 03:52 H
Entitled "China: Journey To The Heart Of Internet Censorship,"
the report issued by Reporters Without Borders outlines the inner
workings of a bureaucracy that effectively clamps down on dissent,
quashes articles the communist government deems unsuitable for
publication, and uses online companies to distribute its own
propaganda.
The report, much of which is based on information provided by
an unidentified Chinese technician who works for the government's
Internet sector, was published Wednesday, five days before the start of
the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the nation's
biggest political event in five years.
The Chinese have embraced the Internet in a big way, creating a
market second only to the United States. The phenomenal market growth
has attracted an army of U.S. technology and online companies, many of
which have partnered with Chinese businesses in order to navigate the
country's political system.
As of July 1, about 12.3% of China's population, or 162 million
people, used the Internet, according to the China Internet Network
Information Centre. In addition, there are at least 1.3 million
Web sites
Troika Of Control In general, the Internet Propaganda Administrative Bureau
issues licenses to commercial Web sites, which entitles them to provide
news stories and reproduce reports disseminated by official media. The
licenses, however, do not allow for independent news gathering and
publishing.
The Bureau of Information and Public Opinion is responsible for
organizing weekly meetings with commercial sites to discuss online
public opinion and to pass along reports on the meetings to Communist
Party officials. The organization also publishes periodicals on its
monitoring of online news, and sends the publications to a variety of
security and propaganda officials.
Finally, the Internet Bureau, created by the Communist Party in
2006, exercises ideological control. Employees of propaganda agencies
take bureau-sanctioned courses on censorship, and executives and
editors of online companies are required to take an annual historical
field trip on the birth of communism in China and then publish an
article on the trip. A total of 18 companies were invited on the trip;Yahoo (NSDQ:
YHOO)
is the only U.S. company listed. Yahoo's partner, Chinese marketplace
Alibaba.com, runs the online company's operation in China.
, and 19% of Chinese Internet users have their own blogs.
To control the information flow over such a
vast network, three leading government agencies have evolved over the
last several years: the Internet Propaganda Administrative Bureau, the
Bureau of Information and Public Opinion, and the Internet Bureau, the
report said. In Beijing, where most of China's leading commercial Web
sites are based, a powerful local agency has been established called
the Beijing Internet Information Administrative Bureau.
1 | 2 Next Page »
Censors Use IM
(Page 2 of 2) A 11, 2007 03:52 H
The Beijing Internet Information Administrative Bureau holds weekly
meetings with 19 of the leading Web sites based in the capital to
evaluate the subjects that Internet users find most interesting that
week. Based on those meetings, the bureau decides the subjects to be
covered in the coming week, the articles to be written under its
supervision, and the articles to be eliminated.
Despite self-censorship and the filtering of government-banned
words or phrases from articles, sites do occasionally broach subjects
inadvertently. Penalties for such mistakes range from criticizing the
site, imposing a fine, ordering the dismissal of the employee
responsible, or closing down the site section or the entire site, the
report said.
One incident that led to a section closure involved the Web
site Netease, which published a 2006 poll asking that if their readers
were reborn, would they want to be Chinese again. Of the 10,000
respondents, 64% said they would not want to be Chinese. The main
reasons were being Chinese is not honorable, you can't buy a house in
China, happiness is too inaccessible, you can't crack jokes in China,
and you can't see good cartoons.
To elude government censorship, Reporters Without Borders
advises the Chinese to use a proxy server that sits between a user's
computer and a Web site to hide the user's Internet Protocol address.
For people looking to post sensitive articles, the advocacy group
suggests using smaller Web sites outside Beijing that aren't as closely
monitored by authorities. In addition, the group recommends the use of
new Internet technologies, such as blogs, discussion forums, Internet
telephony, peer to peer, and VPNs.
Chinese censorship, and the use of information gathered on the
Web to arrest and jail dissidents, has become a public relations
nightmare for U.S. Internet companies, which are forced to abide by
Chinese laws in order to do business in the country.
The U.S. State Department last year established a task force
to investigate the problems posed to the Internet by repressive
regimes, such as China. The move followed a call for help by Google,
Microsoft, and Yahoo.
从头再来！灌水民工