Though your question is kind of time consuming to answer,
I would request you Understand these points :
around 80% of your question's solution revolves around internet
search engines,
Page Rank tool is well researched by search engines like google
and they apply it in their searches,
http-referrer data is normally only kept in records by search
engines like yahoo, google, bing, etc.
Though you think that your question is for only numbers but it
is not just "numbers".
I would suggest you to try the following:
catch hold any search engine employee in Athens and go ahead to
offer coffee to have a chit chat with you,
and if it happens, ask your questions.
else,
read
anlytics.blogspot.com to start from there.
There are sites that get billion hits a day - Just for numbers,
We can almost name google, yahoo, bing, youtube, twitter ( which
shouts so much ), wikipedia, etc & etc.
But traffic is not just a number like million and billion. It is more
to do with Geography, new users daily, regular users, clients, client
types, and so many commas if we consider writing.