Hi Mark,
This might relate to how your add-in implements the Rx publisher, rather than Excel or Excel-DNA throttling the RTD.
The Rx OnNext call is made by your add-in code, not by Excel - so if your add-in stops calling OnNext when Excel does not have the focus (perhaps due to Windows message processing that drives your Rx publisher) then you'll see this behaviour.
Excel's RTD mechanism has a 'heartbeat" check when there are no RTD calls, and this defaults to 15 seconds, so maybe that is somehow driving your slower updates.
If you want to dig a bit further, I'd be happy to help.
-Govert