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Paludidraco (Triassic simosaurid) pathological vertebrae (free pdf)
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Ben Creisler
Apr 23, 2025, 9:44:33 PMApr 23
to DinosaurMa...@googlegroups.com
Ben Creisler
A new paper:
Alberto Cabezuelo-Hernández, Carlos de Miguel Chaves, Francisco Ortega & Adán Pérez-García (2025)
Pathological vertebrae in the holotype of Paludidraco multidentatus (Sauropterygia, Simosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of El Atance (Central Spain).
Fossil Record 28(1): 133-145.
doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.28.e148714
https://fr.pensoft.net/article/148714/
Literature on paleopathologies in Mesozoic marine reptiles is relatively scarce (Surmik et al. 2022), compared to that on other lineages, such as Dinosauria (e.g., Rothschild et al. 2023 and references therein). The record includes avascular necrosis (e.g., Rothschild and Martin 1987; Rothschild and Storrs 2003; Farke 2007; Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012a, 2012b; Rothschild and Naples 2013; Mitidieri 2021), bite marks (e.g., Müller et al. 2005; Rothschild et al. 2005; Pardo-Pérez et al. 2018; Mitidieri 2021), infections (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Pardo-Pérez et al. 2019, 2020; Mitidieri 2021), injuries or fractures (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Pardo-Pérez et al. 2018, 2019, 2020; Mitidieri 2021), osteoarthritis (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Fraser and Furrer 2013), spondylosis (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Sassoon 2019), tumors (e.g., Rothschild et al. 2012b; Mitidieri 2021), Schmorl nodes (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Mitidieri 2021) and congenital malformations (e.g., Lydekker 1889; Witzmann 2007; Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Sassoon 2019). In contrast, evidence of pathologies in the lineage of aquatic reptile Sauropterygia is very limited (Schmeisser McKean 2012; Talevi et al. 2021), mostly corresponding to avascular necrosis (e.g, Rothschild and Storrs 2003; Surmik et al. 2017), vertebral lesions or anomalies (e.g, Hopley 2001; Witzmann 2007; Roberts et al. 2017; Sassoon 2019), or bite marks (e.g., Buchy, 2007; Holland, 2018; Rothschild et al. 2018). Most of the pathologies reported in Sauropterygia affect Jurassic and Cretaceous plesiosaurs (e.g., Mudge 1878; Lydekker 1889; Witzmann 2007; Wilhelm and O’Keefe 2010; Ketchum and Benson 2011; Kubo et al. 2012; Schmeisser McKean 2012; Smith 2013; Sassoon 2019; Solonin et al. 2021; Talevi et al. 2021), whereas those in Triassic sauropterygians are scarcer (e.g., Diedrich 2014; Maisch 2014; Surmik et al. 2017, 2018, 2022). Simosauridae is a poorly known lineage among the Triassic eosauropterygians considering both the fossils found and their diversity and paleobiogeographic distribution. Thus, it is recognized as restricted to the western margin of the Tethys Sea, being exclusively known by two defined species: Simosaurus gaillardoti Meyer, 1842, from the Ladinian of France and Germany (Rieppel 1994), and Paludidraco multidentatus de Miguel Chaves, Ortega, Pérez-García 2018a, from the Carnian of Spain (García-Ávila et al. 2021). Most identified simosaurid material at species level in Europe corresponds to S. gaillardoti, which has been extensively studied in both classical and more recent works (see de Miguel Chaves et al. 2018b, 2020 and references therein). Paludidraco multidentatus was recently named based on the relatively complete skeleton of the holotypic individual, including the skull and numerous postcranial elements, and the skull of a paratypic individual (de Miguel Chaves et al. 2018a). Additional well-preserved and partially articulated skeletons, currently under preparation, have also been identified in the type locality, the El Atance fossil site (see García-Ávila et al. 2021). To date, no pathologies have been reported for Simosauridae.
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Free pdf:
Alberto Cabezuelo-Hernández, Carlos de Miguel Chaves, Francisco Ortega & Adán Pérez-García (2025)
Pathological vertebrae in the holotype of Paludidraco multidentatus (Sauropterygia, Simosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of El Atance (Central Spain).
Fossil Record 28(1): 133-145.
doi: https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.28.e148714
https://fr.pensoft.net/article/148714/
Literature on paleopathologies in Mesozoic marine reptiles is relatively scarce (Surmik et al. 2022), compared to that on other lineages, such as Dinosauria (e.g., Rothschild et al. 2023 and references therein). The record includes avascular necrosis (e.g., Rothschild and Martin 1987; Rothschild and Storrs 2003; Farke 2007; Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012a, 2012b; Rothschild and Naples 2013; Mitidieri 2021), bite marks (e.g., Müller et al. 2005; Rothschild et al. 2005; Pardo-Pérez et al. 2018; Mitidieri 2021), infections (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Pardo-Pérez et al. 2019, 2020; Mitidieri 2021), injuries or fractures (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Pardo-Pérez et al. 2018, 2019, 2020; Mitidieri 2021), osteoarthritis (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Fraser and Furrer 2013), spondylosis (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Sassoon 2019), tumors (e.g., Rothschild et al. 2012b; Mitidieri 2021), Schmorl nodes (e.g., Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Mitidieri 2021) and congenital malformations (e.g., Lydekker 1889; Witzmann 2007; Rothschild 2009; Rothschild et al. 2012b; Sassoon 2019). In contrast, evidence of pathologies in the lineage of aquatic reptile Sauropterygia is very limited (Schmeisser McKean 2012; Talevi et al. 2021), mostly corresponding to avascular necrosis (e.g, Rothschild and Storrs 2003; Surmik et al. 2017), vertebral lesions or anomalies (e.g, Hopley 2001; Witzmann 2007; Roberts et al. 2017; Sassoon 2019), or bite marks (e.g., Buchy, 2007; Holland, 2018; Rothschild et al. 2018). Most of the pathologies reported in Sauropterygia affect Jurassic and Cretaceous plesiosaurs (e.g., Mudge 1878; Lydekker 1889; Witzmann 2007; Wilhelm and O’Keefe 2010; Ketchum and Benson 2011; Kubo et al. 2012; Schmeisser McKean 2012; Smith 2013; Sassoon 2019; Solonin et al. 2021; Talevi et al. 2021), whereas those in Triassic sauropterygians are scarcer (e.g., Diedrich 2014; Maisch 2014; Surmik et al. 2017, 2018, 2022). Simosauridae is a poorly known lineage among the Triassic eosauropterygians considering both the fossils found and their diversity and paleobiogeographic distribution. Thus, it is recognized as restricted to the western margin of the Tethys Sea, being exclusively known by two defined species: Simosaurus gaillardoti Meyer, 1842, from the Ladinian of France and Germany (Rieppel 1994), and Paludidraco multidentatus de Miguel Chaves, Ortega, Pérez-García 2018a, from the Carnian of Spain (García-Ávila et al. 2021). Most identified simosaurid material at species level in Europe corresponds to S. gaillardoti, which has been extensively studied in both classical and more recent works (see de Miguel Chaves et al. 2018b, 2020 and references therein). Paludidraco multidentatus was recently named based on the relatively complete skeleton of the holotypic individual, including the skull and numerous postcranial elements, and the skull of a paratypic individual (de Miguel Chaves et al. 2018a). Additional well-preserved and partially articulated skeletons, currently under preparation, have also been identified in the type locality, the El Atance fossil site (see García-Ávila et al. 2021). To date, no pathologies have been reported for Simosauridae.
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