Lithos Carbon | Permanent Carbon Capture on Farms

[Andrew Lockley]

https://www.lithoscarbon.com/

Basalt

Basalt is the most abundant volcanic rock on earth, loaded with silicate minerals like iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium. Applying basalt rock dust provides a steady nutrient flow to your field as it decomposes and sequesters carbon.

Carbon Removal for Farmers

Sequester Carbon and Earn Passively

Silicate minerals in crushed basalt permanently remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through a natural process called “enhanced rock weathering”.

With 3 tons of basalt application you can capture up to 1 ton of CO2. Our software optimizes both for crop yield and carbon capture — making your land as productive as possible while you earn revenue from carbon removal.

Soil Health

Increase Crop Yield

We determine a basalt application plan for your farm for regulating soil pH to the optimal requirements of your crop, eliminating the cost and carbon emissions of limestone application and increasing crop yields.

Replenish Soil

Regenerate your topsoil and add nutrients.

Build Crop Resiliency

Silicon from basalt can increase plant resistance to droughts and improve protection against pests by reducing drought-induced oxidative stress and building tougher leaves, stems, and cells.

Yield

Maximized Precisely

We partner with farmers and apply our proprietary machine learning algorithms to site-specific soil samples, optimizing your unique application strategy for carbon dioxide capture, crop yields, and soil health.

Application

Let Us Handle It

We’ll cover the cost to organize feedstock delivery, soil sampling, and application for each farm’s acres.

Get Started

Carbon Measured Responsibly

Farm-To-Ocean Modeling

Done correctly, enhanced mineral weathering unlocks a powerful toolset for fighting climate change. Our modeling pipeline is backed by long-term research conducted at Yale University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, yielding the industry’s most accurate prediction and measurement of captured carbon. We trace captured carbon as it moves through different ecosystems starting at the moment of application at the farm, following runoff and erosion through rivers and streams, to the point it enters the ocean.

[Anderson, Paul]

Andrew and others.

 

I would like to appreciate ERW (Enhanced Rock Weathering).   So I request some objective statements (not sale pitch) about HOW three (3) tonnes of solid basalt rock is turned into a useful powder, and at what cost for making the powder (ignoring transportation issues for product delivery and application into soils).    And that is to accomplish 1 tonne of CO2 removal that maybe has a value of US$100 or what? .   Please do not focus on the co-benefits for crop growth.

 

Restated:  How do you make powdered basalt?

 

Paul

 

Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD

         Email:  psan...@ilstu.edu       Skype:   paultlud

         Phone:  Office: 309-452-7072    Mobile & WhatsApp: 309-531-4434

Websites:    https://woodgas.com see Resources for 1) biochar white paper, 2) RoCC kilns, and 3) the Quick Picks for TLUD stove technology.  The full DrTLUD.com website is moving to woodgas.com .

                      https://capitalism21.org for societal reforms and free digital  novella “A Capitalist Carol”  with pages 88 – 94 about solving the world crisis for clean cookstoves.

 

From: carbondiox...@googlegroups.com <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com> On Behalf Of Andrew Lockley
Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2022 4:00 AM
To: CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com <CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com> <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: [CDR] Lithos Carbon | Permanent Carbon Capture on Farms

 

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[Andrew Lockley]

This was covered in depth by Reviewer 2.

https://open.spotify.com/episode/5ZBTd1Fov5BWAy8Op5wUgx?si=URpJx_kSQhaT97nUOcjYlg&utm_source=copy-link

[Anderson, Paul]

Andrew,

 

That 50 minute podcast has no photos and no index and it is about selecting the right “particle size.”

 

Please send info specific to  my request below.

 

Paul

 

Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD

         Email:  psan...@ilstu.edu       Skype:   paultlud

         Phone:  Office: 309-452-7072    Mobile & WhatsApp: 309-531-4434

Websites:    https://woodgas.com see Resources for 1) biochar white paper, 2) RoCC kilns, and 3) the Quick Picks for TLUD stove technology.  The full DrTLUD.com website is moving to woodgas.com .

                      https://capitalism21.org for societal reforms and free digital  novella “A Capitalist Carol”  with pages 88 – 94 about solving the world crisis for clean cookstoves.

 

[Andrew Lockley]

Having conducted the interview, I'm fairly confident that it will provide at least a partial answer to your question.

I can only apologise for the lack of pictures in the audio file. 

Andrew 

[Anderson, Paul]

Andrew,

 

I appreciate your efforts.  The problem is with podcasts.

 

Assuming that at least 10 subscribers are interested in the response to my question, that would entail almost 10 hours of people listening to a podcast for content that could be presented in 3 to 5 slides or a few paragraphs by someone who already knows the answers.      

 

Maybe someone will direct us to or provide the basic response that is requested because I am hoping to learn about the practical (not theoretical) viability of making tonnes of basalt into powder.

 

My fear is that making powder of basalt rock is quite unrealistic in physical and economic terms.   If it were reasonably “practical” (such as pyrolysis of biomass), such information would probably be widely known.   Or is ERW like DAC that is great if you have the millions or billions of dollars to a make a few tonnes of CDR?

[Dennis Amoroso]

Good Morning Paul,

     We at Plant Nutrition Technologies Inc. receive our basalt rock already ground to a fine powder, delivered to us by the rock quarries which produce it, for $12 a ton.  In the US alone we have available to us approximately 2 billion tons of this material from about 1500 quarries.  This is a waste product for them and they are delighted to be rid of it.  The environmentally beneficial aspects of delivering it for fertilizer is also quite appealing to them because it helps them with their environmental footprint.

     We also have available to us, milled rock powder from the mining of copper, tin, and coal, all of which is previously milled and is delivered ready to use in our blended rock powder fertilizer.  This constitutes approximately 8 billion tons in the US, 12 billion tons in Canada, 30 billion tons in Peru (where we have been asked to come process into fertilizer for their desperate agricultural industry), 20 billion tons in Chile (same situation as Peru), many billions of tons in Australia, etc. etc. etc.

     The point is, that if one wants to get his hands on crushed basalt or other type of crushed rock the world has approximately 2 trillion tons of this material already mined, milled, and readily available for a very small price per ton.

We blend it with food waste and biochar and we are restoring distressed farmland to its verdant primal state all over California and very soon in the Canadian and Peruvian agricultural industries. 

Dennis Amoroso President and Chairman

Advanced Materials Processing Inc.

Plant Nutrition Technologies Inc.

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[Adam Wolf]

If the question is how to make powdered basalt, it can be achieved in a ball mill, or a hammer-swing mlll, or many other approaches that have been used in the mining industry for decades to pulverize ore.   

In the case of basalt, it is generally used in building or transportation, where the primary size reduction is achieved with a jaw crusher or gyratory crusher.  Those produce fines that are generally not useful for their primary use, and are screened out and left as a waste stream.  To my knowledge, Lithos is using that waste stream.  There are other industrial processes that leave behind a fine-sized waste stream but if we are talking basalt, it is usually construction and roads. 

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/SA2PR03MB5932022B8CE4DFD221292172DB8D9%40SA2PR03MB5932.namprd03.prod.outlook.com.

[Renaud de RICHTER]

This chapter can be useful:

 "Carbon Mineralization of CO2" https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25259/chapter/8

From Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019.

https://doi.org/10.17226/25259.

https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25259/negative-emissions-technologies-and-reliable-sequestration-a-research-agenda

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CABQ2%2Bx3R-G9bBqUokvJcAZPieRtA4%3D_co3XL5tNq5P2ouydMqQ%40mail.gmail.com.

[Brian Cady]

Hi Paul,

I'll join in not directly answering your question to report that I've heard that olivine, a subclass of basalt, when ground to a fine powder and distributed, reportedly eventually fixes about a ton of CO2 per ton olivine ground, at a energy cost that releases about 40 kilograms of CO2 in that energy's generation. Further, I hear that most basalts fix about a third as much CO2 as olivine.

I understand that the energy cost of milling rock directly relates to the surface area exposed. Hence I expect that grinding most basalts will also incur subsequent energy-related CO2 release of about 40 kilograms CO2 per ton basalt ground, while eventually fixing about 333 kilograms of CO2.

Hope that helps,

Brian

-

Brian

On Sun, Jul 17, 2022 at 9:40 AM Anderson, Paul <psan...@ilstu.edu> wrote:

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/SA2PR03MB5932022B8CE4DFD221292172DB8D9%40SA2PR03MB5932.namprd03.prod.outlook.com.

[Brian Cady]

A relevant paper by Schuiling and Ticknell: http://innovationconcepts.eu/res/literatuurSchuiling/olivineagainstclimatechange23.pdf

"Abstract
The weathering of calcium and magnesium silicates is the main natural mechanism limiting
atmospheric CO2 levels. The weathering process transforms CO2 into bicarbonate, which
washes down to the oceans where it ultimately precipitates as carbonate.
However weathering at its natural pace is unable to keep up with current and prospective
anthropogenic CO2 production. Thus we propose to mitigate excess CO2 by increasing the rate
of weathering: olivine, volcanic ash and similar silicate rocks should be mined, milled, and spread
widely, mainly in the humid tropics where weathering rates are highest.
This may produce important additional benefits, reversing the acidification of soils, rivers and
oceans, and enriching soils with mineral nutrients. Oceans would receive additional fluxes of
orthosilicic acid, a limiting nutrient for marine diatoms: the consequent increase in diatom
phytoproductivity could increase carbon fluxes to deep ocean, or support the production of
biofuels in 'diatom farms'.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology attached to power stations is currently being
pursued as a solution to climate change. However CCS costs are estimated as $50-$100/t CO2,
while there are fears as to the long term security of reservoirs. Using accelerated rock
weathering, by contrast, CO2 could be securely and rapidly sequestered for about €10/t CO2,
while bringing benefits to agriculture and forestry, and restoring ocean alkalinity.
With key countries including India, China, Brazil, Indonesia and Canada rich in exploitable olivine
deposits, international acceptance of CO2 mitigation by accelerated weathering would advance
the prospect of achieving an encompassing climate agreement."

Brian

-

[Anderson, Paul]

Thank you to Brian, Adam, Dennis, Andrew and all others,

 

The supply of basalt rock dust sounds so easy:  “it is already available in millions of tonnes as a by-product of mining.”   But there is certainly more to the story.

 

Brian’s more recent message includes:  Using accelerated rock weathering, by contrast, CO2 could be securely and rapidly sequestered for about €10/t CO2, while bringing benefits to agriculture and forestry, and restoring ocean alkalinity.

This refers to CO2 REMOVAL (long term) plus co-benefits.   And the cost is only 10 Euros/t CO2.   But REMOVAL of CO2 (not simple emission reduction or ER) should certainly bring much more value than 10 Euros/t.    Is there not a market for such CDR?     Businesses should be standing in line to purchase such CDR at 50 or 80 or 100 or even more Euros/t.    Instead, the  big money goes for DAC.     

 

As a person who works on biochar supply which is also much more reasonable in cost than DAC but not as low as 10 or even 50 Euros/t, this story of ERW is discouraging about prospects for overcoming the climate challenges.  If the “powers”(of business and philanthropy and government and citizens) do not care for these nature-based solutions that are at hand, then saving the climate/planet boils down to creating businesses for profit-making R&D efforts for a few thousand tonnes of CDR.

 

To Dennis and others in ERW, if you need or could utilize some biochar that is to be produced from low and no-value biomass that is close the  ERW production sites, please contact me about use of RoCC kilns.   All indications are the combination of rock dust and biochar (plus some compost or manure) can give awesome agriculture/forestry benefits while doing CDR plus stimulating accumulation of soil organic carbon (regenerative ag) for extra CDR benefits.  

 

Paul

 

Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD

         Email:  psan...@ilstu.edu       Skype:   paultlud

         Phone:  Office: 309-452-7072    Mobile & WhatsApp: 309-531-4434

Websites:    https://woodgas.com see Resources for 1) biochar white paper, 2) RoCC kilns, and 3) the Quick Picks for TLUD stove technology.  The full DrTLUD.com website is moving to woodgas.com .

                      https://capitalism21.org for societal reforms and free digital  novella “A Capitalist Carol”  with pages 88 – 94 about solving the world crisis for clean cookstoves.

 

From: Brian Cady <brianc...@gmail.com>
Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2022 1:29 PM
To: Anderson, Paul <psan...@ilstu.edu>

[Andrew Lockley]

As the podcast explains, transport emissions really complicate things. Grinding small grains takes lots of energy, but weathering is so slow with large particles that they don't deliver net negative emissions for decades. 

I understand that Phil Renforth has done some work on promoting infiltration, so the CO2-rich water moves and not the rock. 

[Anderson, Paul]

Because the rock powder takes time (how much time?) to remove the CO2, can the carbon credits be claimed over a period of years versus all at once because once applied it cannot be removed?

 

Would there not be an advantage to apply some slightly larger particles (produced at lower price) and accept the payments over several years?

 

Paul

 

Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD

         Email:  psan...@ilstu.edu       Skype:   paultlud

         Phone:  Office: 309-452-7072    Mobile & WhatsApp: 309-531-4434

Websites:    https://woodgas.com see Resources for 1) biochar white paper, 2) RoCC kilns, and 3) the Quick Picks for TLUD stove technology.  The full DrTLUD.com website is moving to woodgas.com .

                      https://capitalism21.org for societal reforms and free digital  novella “A Capitalist Carol”  with pages 88 – 94 about solving the world crisis for clean cookstoves.

 

[Dennis Amoroso]

The point of Enhanced Rock Weathering is that the bacterial activity in the soil does the weathering.  According to Professor Manning at Newcastle University it removes 6 tons of CO2 per acre per month from the first month.  Our data from Scanning Electron Microscopy shows a reduction in particle size of 30% over a 48 hour period.  The walnut shells we use disappear into the rock powder entirely within that same time frame.     

Gentlemen you must take into consideration that bacteria has been working in the soil for 10 million years and can be our best asset to remove greenhouse gasses and cook this ball of dust we are piloting through the cosmos. 

Dennis Amoroso President 

On Jul 17, 2022, at 5:41 PM, Anderson, Paul <psan...@ilstu.edu> wrote:



To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/SA2PR03MB59328A98A10D09C2119CBCCADB8C9%40SA2PR03MB5932.namprd03.prod.outlook.com.

[Anderson, Paul]

See below, because your message emphasizing bacteria seems to be different from explanations of chemical reactions for creation of mineral carbon molecules.   Please clarify below.

 

 

From: Dennis Amoroso <dennis....@gmail.com>
Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2022 9:02 PM
To: Anderson, Paul <psan...@ilstu.edu>
Cc: Andrew Lockley <andrew....@gmail.com>; Brian Cady <brianc...@gmail.com>; carbondiox...@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: Clarification about ERW ....... RE: [CDR] Lithos Carbon | Permanent Carbon Capture on Farms

 

This message originated from outside of the Illinois State University email system. Learn why this is important

The point of Enhanced Rock Weathering is that the bacterial activity in the soil does the weathering.  

[PSA>>] Eating the rock powder?   Where is the carbon going, and in what form, and for how long?

 

According to Professor Manning at Newcastle University it removes 6 tons of CO2 per acre per month from the first month.  

[PSA>>] How much rock powder on that single acre, both in tonnes and what would be the depth if not mixed in?       And for how many months?     And can it be repeated in the same way how often?

 

Our data from Scanning Electron Microscopy shows a reduction in particle size of 30% over a 48 hour period.  

[PSA>>] If 30% in 2 days, then how soon before it is virtually gone?   One or two weeks?

 

The walnut shells we use disappear into the rock powder entirely within that same time frame.

[PSA>>] If the  shells (or other biomass) is feeding the bacteria, then after the short time frame do they need more food or else will die?    And if die, what becomes of the carbon?

 

Paul

[Dennis Amoroso]

Good Morning Paul
     The answers to your questions are a part of our IP which we have developed over 30 years of working with some very sophisticated and respected scientists like Dr Leonard Nanis whose science started Seagate Computers.  It is also part of what our patent covers.  

     You can find a great deal of this type of information from the American Academy of Microbiology and other such sources.   

Dennis Amoroso President 

On Jul 17, 2022, at 8:24 PM, Anderson, Paul <psan...@ilstu.edu> wrote:



[Andrew Lockley]

There is little point in using removal approaches which actually increase atmos CO2 for decades. The paper reported on the Reviewer 2 podcast does not report the extremely rapidly reducing grain sizes claimed by other replies to this thread.