--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/1288421509.555927.1684012224188%40mail.yahoo.com.
--
As Greg rightly pointed out, birds that take a dump on land are removing nutrients from the ocean.
Floating solar panels are another story, birds love to take a dump on them, and the waves and rains wash the goodies right back into the water, fueling phytoplankton, and feeding fishes that love to hide in the shadow of floating objects, intensifying nutrient recycling.
Upside-down floating Biorock reefs can grow coral reefs full of life in deep blue waters, attracting dense schools of pelagic (open water) fish like tunas and mahi-mahi.
We’re designing floating Biorock reefs to protect large floating solar panel arrays on atoll islands from waves, for sustainable mariculture, and as seabird toilets.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
gor...@globalcoral.org
www.globalcoral.org
Skype: tomgoreau
Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message)
Books:
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
No one can change the past, everybody can change the future
It’s much later than we think, especially if we don’t think
Those with their heads in the sand will see the light when global warming and sea level rise wash the beach away
Geotherapy: Regenerating ecosystem services to reverse climate change
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CABjtO1ffGY3PKfpYH%3DC3JTyqvKHma8jPGUSMmcHDsCJff4GkMA%40mail.gmail.com.
On May 13, 2023, at 4:45 PM, Tom Goreau <gor...@globalcoral.org> wrote:As Greg rightly pointed out, birds that take a dump on land are removing nutrients from the ocean.
Floating solar panels are another story, birds love to take a dump on them, and the waves and rains wash the goodies right back into the water, fueling phytoplankton, and feeding fishes that love to hide in the shadow of floating objects, intensifying nutrient recycling.
Upside-down floating Biorock reefs can grow coral reefs full of life in deep blue waters, attracting dense schools of pelagic (open water) fish like tunas and mahi-mahi.
We’re designing floating Biorock reefs to protect large floating solar panel arrays on atoll islands from waves, for sustainable mariculture, and as seabird toilets.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/B86CB297-E5F4-431E-A99B-D5016F237B03%40globalcoral.org.
The second paper referenced in Berwyn's Inside Climate News piece tells the rest of the story. It's about biodiversity loss and ecosystem functionality where the more functional and complete an ecology is, the greater its carbon sequestration (generally).
What's going on with this piece by Berwyn is pretty classic
legacy climate culture in that; there is widespread
wish-restoration of ecologies projected where most have already
begun collapsing because they are beyond their evolutionary
boundaries.
Anthropogenic changes of many kinds can create these collapse
conditions, and sometimes the ecologies are restorable. But with
climate change, fundamental boundaries must be restored
(temperature regime and hydrologic cycle) to similar conditions
where the original ecology evolved before restoration can be
achieved. We can attempt to modify species assemblages to adapt,
but who we kidding? Earth systems are modest sequesterers when
their assemblages are fine tuned over millennia of evolution.
The concept that we can continue to warm to 1.5 C and expect
ecologies that are already in collapse to achieve restoration or
self-restore: Well Captain, you just can't go-round breaking the
laws of Mother Nature.
Steep Trails,
B
From the Press Release:
" In their study, the experts describe the rapidly worsening loss
of species with the aid of sobering figures: they estimate that
human activities have altered roughly 75 percent of the land
surface and 66 percent of the marine waters on our planet. This
has occurred to such an extent that today e.g. approximately 80
percent of the biomass from mammals and 50 percent of plant
biomass has been lost, while more species are in danger of
extinction than at any time in human history. In this regard,
global warming and the destruction of natural habitats not only
lead to biodiversity loss, but also reduce the capacity of
organisms, soils and sediments to store carbon, which in turn
exacerbates the climate crisis.
Because each organism has a certain tolerance range for changes to
its environmental conditions (e.g. temperature), global warming is
also causing species’ habitats to shift. Mobile species follow
their temperature range and migrate toward the poles, to higher
elevations (on land, mountain ranges) or to greater depths (in the
ocean). Sessile organisms like corals can only shift their
habitats very gradually, in the course of generations: as such,
they are caught in a temperature trap, which means that large
coral reefs could, in the long term, disappear entirely. And
mobile species, too, could run into climatic dead ends in the form
of mountain summits, the coasts of landmasses and islands, at the
poles and in the ocean’s depths, if they can no longer find any
habitat with suitable temperatures to colonise."
Press Release:
The climate crisis and biodiversity crisis can't be approached as
two separate things
New review study released in the journal Science offers new
solutions for combating climate change and biodiversity loss
Date:
April 20, 2023
Source:
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research
Summary:
Anthropogenic climate change has, together with the intensive use
and destruction of natural ecosystems through agriculture, fishing
and industry, sparked an unprecedented loss of biodiversity that
continues to worsen. In this regard, the climate crisis and
biodiversity crisis are often viewed as two separate catastrophes.
An international team of researchers calls for adopting a new
perspective.
Portner et al., Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity
crises and their societal impacts, Science, April 21, 2023.
(Paywall) https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl4881
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/233908842.681737.1684087368003%40mail.yahoo.com.
Seabird populations along the coast of South Devon where I live have dropped dramatically during my lifetime and the collapse has been accelerating especially over the last ten years. I could probably track this perfectly against the reduction in local fishing boats and the increase in leisure boat activity particularly hi speed outboards.
Years ago when we had huge colonies of gulls, cormorants, guillemots, gannets and fulmars (which have almost disappeared completely) large areas of the cliff and off lying rocks used to be white with guano at this time of year.
We desperately need to let the seas recover and this makes agri-tech and particular precision fermentation absolutely critical to enabling biosphere restoration. Fundamentally were going to have to feed 9 billion people using about 10% of the space that is currently used for food production. The RethinkX food report makes interesting reading in this respect.
Food and Agriculture Report — RethinkX
Bru Pearce
E-mail b...@envisionation.org
Skype brupearce
Work +44 20 8144 0431 Mobile +44 7740 854713
Salcombe, Devon, UK
Information contained in this email and any files attached to it is confidential to the intended recipient and may be covered by legal professional privilege. If you receive this email in error, please advise by return email before deleting it; you should not retain the email or disclose its contents to anyone. Envisionation Ltd has taken reasonable precautions to minimise the risk of software viruses, but we recommend that any attachments are virus checked before they are opened. Thank you for your cooperation.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/B86CB297-E5F4-431E-A99B-D5016F237B03%40globalcoral.org.
You can’t use Redfield ratios for this calculation. The biogeochemical weathering of guano results in dramatic increases of phosphorus content over the source material. See the classic work in the field by the person who best knew the stuff:
Hutchinson, G. E. "Biogeochemistry of vertebrate excretion-Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, 96.1 (1950): 1-554.
Even before overfishing wiped out their food resources, most global guano resources worldwide were essentially destroyed in a few decades by enslaved Pacific islanders.
Guano will remain a highly desired fertilizer locally because of its quality, but the entire collapsed marine food chain would have to be restored if it were to become sustainable, and then only at low levels insufficient for current food demands.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
gor...@globalcoral.org
www.globalcoral.org
Skype: tomgoreau
Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message)
Books:
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
No one can change the past, everybody can change the future
It’s much later than we think, especially if we don’t think
Those with their heads in the sand will see the light when global warming and sea level rise wash the beach away
Geotherapy: Regenerating ecosystem services to reverse climate change
From: <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Greg Rau <gh...@sbcglobal.net>
Date: Sunday, May 14, 2023 at 2:02 PM
To: "carbondiox...@googlegroups.com" <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com>
Cc: "bbe...@gmail.com" <bbe...@gmail.com>, "Hans-O. Pörtner" <hans.p...@awi.de>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Restoring Seabird Populations Can Help Repair the Climate
Thanks Bruce and all for comments. At the risk of going further off the deep end, the idea of unsequestering the phosphorus and other bio-essential goodies locked up in seabird guano seems worth considering. Guano has been mined for thousands of years as a fertilizer for land crops. So, if we were to up this mining and land spreading, could we get C credits if we can show that C is being sequestered as a result - eg by burying the resulting biomass? biochar, etc?
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/233908842.681737.1684087368003%40mail.yahoo.com.
The many Salicornia species around the world grow in saline water and produce oils that are highly suitable for biodiesel. If they are stimulated by the Biorock process similarly to sea grass and salt marsh plants, then they could be grown on floating platforms in the intertidal, as we proposed in the UN Floating Sustainable Cities Initiative.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
gor...@globalcoral.org
www.globalcoral.org
Skype: tomgoreau
Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message)
Books:
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
No one can change the past, everybody can change the future
It’s much later than we think, especially if we don’t think
Those with their heads in the sand will see the light when global warming and sea level rise wash the beach away
Geotherapy: Regenerating ecosystem services to reverse climate change
From: <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Michael Hayes <electro...@gmail.com>
Date: Sunday, May 14, 2023 at 2:54 PM
To: Greg Rau <gh...@sbcglobal.net>
Cc: Carbon Dioxide Removal <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Restoring Seabird Populations Can Help Repair the Climate
Offshore biotic CDR platforms are not limited to aquatic crops. Growing most oil bearing crop out on or in the Ocean can be engineered for. Most row crops can eventually be shifted to the marine space. If the generated bio oil is used to build a larger CDR capacity, a larger marine farming capacity, the oil is well spent.
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CABjtO1cUggBvE0_n1dxkgpUQZpz5FwFHdk7wKzRkD7tVFXMZmg%40mail.gmail.com.
We’re designing floating Biorock reefs to protect large floating solar panel arrays on atoll islands from waves, for sustainable mariculture, and as seabird toilets.
(How fun is that ~ ~ ~ If they are floating, and they grow, how
do you increase the floatation for the increased mass? I have
never designed a floating and growing wave break before! Imagine a
plume of bioactivity and carbon sequestration downstream from a
coral atoll solar installation with floating live reef wave breaks
^..^)
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/B86CB297-E5F4-431E-A99B-D5016F237B03%40globalcoral.org.
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Carbon Dioxide Removal" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to CarbonDioxideRem...@googlegroups.com.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/0fcadc48-40cb-473e-a59b-9163e7df8291n%40googlegroups.com.
Floating Biorock reefs can expand potential coral habitat from less than 0.1% of the ocean to most of the ocean, with significant impacts on the global carbon cycle if done on a large scale.
Coral reefs normally only grow in shallow coastal areas free of excess mud and pollution where there is shallow limestone or basalt bottom exposed to sunlight, but if a hard floating surface is provided, coral reefs can be grown out in deep blue water.
To be sure one has to provide flotation. One solution is to trap the hydrogen the Biorock process generates by continuous bubbling, or conventional floats and rafts. HDPE might make excellent long-lasting floats if there is no micro-plastics issue.
Temporary floating reefs were invented thousands of years ago by Pacific islanders, using coconut leaves and bamboo to attract dense fish populations. After a year or so they become waterlogged and sink, so coral settlement is minor, even if it had the limestone surfaces coral larvae need for settlement.
50 years ago, coral reefs were responsible for about half of the calcium carbonate burial in the sea, now almost all coral reefs are eroding faster than they are growing, so their natural carbon burial mechanism has been mostly destroyed, along with the seagrass, mangrove, and saltmarsh habitat that used to bury half of the organic carbon in the sea.
Regenerating marine ecosystems is needed to regenerate their natural carbon sinks.
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/35870d22-5754-ff2f-48d5-bf56a70a977c%40earthlink.net.
Thanks for that post Tom, you have set my mind racing!
So many Ideas to integrate.
Best wishes,
Bru Pearce
E-mail b...@envisionation.org
Skype brupearce
Work +44 20 8144 0431 Mobile +44 7740 854713
Salcombe, Devon, UK
Information contained in this email and any files attached to it is confidential to the intended recipient and may be covered by legal professional privilege. If you receive this email in error, please advise by return email before deleting it; you should not retain the email or disclose its contents to anyone. Envisionation Ltd has taken reasonable precautions to minimise the risk of software viruses, but we recommend that any attachments are virus checked before they are opened. Thank you for your cooperation.
Micro nutrient balance (manganese, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, and molybdenum) provide essential enzyme cofactors for all life, and deficiencies affect which phytoplankton can grow, and the subsequent food chains to fish. As you say, diatoms are the best food for fish food chains, and very fussy about their micronutrients to keep growing. Luigi Provasoli, Bob Guillard, and Larry Brand worked this out through decades of work with pure algae cultures.
The most cost-effective place to absorb flood of nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus) destroying all coastal ecosystems is in estuaries, before it is diluted out in the open ocean, and recycle them back on land.
This can easily be done, but needs some engineering. I’ve spent a lot of time looking at sewage outfalls and documenting their disastrous ecological impacts on coastal ecosystems through understanding the nutrient ecology and zonation of the weedy algae that smother coral reefs and seagrasses. The solution is tertiary treatment (nutrient removal), which is cheap in tropical countries but very expensive in cold countries where plants can’t grow all year round because it must be done chemically. Almost no tropical sewage receives tertiary treatment because the funding agencies and their technical experts come from cold countries where it can’t be done, and condescendingly tell warm countries it is too expensive and complicated for tropical people. The last thing that should be done with sewage is to dilute it in the ocean or pump it underground to fester where land plants or aquatic algae can’t absorb and recycle the nutrients.
Swimming along any coastal tourist area I can immediately see where all the sewage outfalls are, even if they are hidden or buried, from the algae species that are zoned around them. The tourists are swimming in their own sewage (plus that of many more people) without realizing, which is why so many get ear infections (which are not documented in the medical literature, but the major problem resort doctors treat). The only places that don’t have obvious impacts are where the treated water is pumped inland and used to fertilize forests, ornamental gardens, lawns, and lily ponds. Only a handful of places in the world do this, a few high end resorts determined to be really clean, some bays I cleaned up in Jamaica by diverting sewage from the sea, and the beaches around the Old City of Panama, which was filthy when my mother was a child there a hundred years ago, but which suddenly became cleaner just a few years ago after a sewage treatment system was built.
The best examples I have seen of nutrient removal comes from large land fish tuna fish hatcheries in Panama and Indonesia. Fish farms generate high nutrient loads from fish feces and rotting uneaten food (as seen under floating salmon farms). But in these two places the nutrient-rich effluent flows through zig-zag shallow raceways in full sunlight before entering the sea. Where the effluent first enters the raceway huge masses of green algae that take up excess phosphorus grow, a little further downstream these are replaced by red algae that take up nitrogen very efficiently, further down one finds a lower canopy of brown algae, and then, when almost all the nutrients have been taken up, the raceways are dominated by sea anemones (coral relatives without limestone skeletons) and coralline algae because nutrients have been reduced to safe levels for coral reef ecosystems before ocean discharge. The algae are easily rinsed of salt, dried, and turned into nutrient rich fertilizer. This should be done in all tropical sewage outfalls.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
gor...@globalcoral.org
www.globalcoral.org
Skype: tomgoreau
Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message)
Books:
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
No one can change the past, everybody can change the future
It’s much later than we think, especially if we don’t think
Those with their heads in the sand will see the light when global warming and sea level rise wash the beach away
Geotherapy: Regenerating ecosystem services to reverse climate change
From: <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Bhaskar M V <bhaska...@gmail.com>
Date: Tuesday, May 16, 2023 at 2:17 AM
To: Michael Hayes <electro...@gmail.com>
Cc: Carbon Dioxide Removal <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [CDR] Restoring Seabird Populations Can Help Repair the Climate
Michael
To view this discussion on the web visit
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/CALBeeSpgyCMa407bb7%2B1bnEq5hPPBPTLsYHWbNeQGb6Q6cZuSQ%40mail.gmail.com.
"The most cost-effective place to absorb flood of nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus) destroying all coastal ecosystems is in estuaries, before it is diluted out in the open ocean, and recycle them back on land.
This can easily be done, but needs some engineering."
Much less efficient to absorb nutrients after they have been vastly diluted in the sea, and killed precious coastal ecosystems, than to grow them in estuaries, ponds, and raceways. Different species of diatoms also grow in fresh and brackish water.
It’s important to grow diatoms to replenish fisheries, even more for things that eat them directly, like oysters and mussels. But most diatom carbon production does not reach fish, which are several trophic chains up the food chain, and gets repeatedly recycled before finally hitting a one-way ticket to the bottom in a big fecal pellet like an appendicularian’s.
On the other hand macrolgae cultivation captures nutrients nearest the source, where hydrothermal carbonation can convert the macroalgal carbon biomass into nitrogen-rich and phosphorus-rich biochar, the very best for plants when matured with basalt dust, compost of various forms, and beneficial microbes.
Agreed except for the last sentence:
there is more organic matter in soil than there is in the ocean.