Direct Air Capture (DAC) Technologies and Subsurface Integration: A Comprehensive Technical Review

[Geoengineering News]

https://onepetro.org/SPEOGWA/proceedings-abstract/26OPES/26OPES/799230

Authors: Akshit Agarwal; Yousef Al-Enizi; Cenk Temizel

https://doi.org/10.2118/232545-MS

Published: 18 May 2026

Abstract

Direct air capture (DAC) is one of the most promising negative emissions technologies (NETs), and is considered a key enabler to meet global climate mitigation goals and facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the present state-of-the-art concerning DAC technologies, sorbent materials, energy systems, and subsurface storage techniques for long-term CO2 sequestration. The DAC technologies can be classified into two main types, namely solid-sorbent based DAC and liquid- solvent based DAC systems. These two DAC technologies are compared and evaluated based on their technical features and performance parameters, and the challenges that arise during the application of these technologies are discussed. Additionally, this review focuses on the subsurface storage of captured CO2 in deep saline aquifers, analyzing the processes of CO2 transport and trapping, and discussing monitoring strategies and technologies. Energy consumption is considered the major cost factor of DAC technologies; therefore, this review examines possible ways to improve energy efficiency and integrate renewable energy sources. Furthermore, techno-economic evaluations show that capture costs of DAC technologies range from $200 to $600/ton CO2, but costs may decrease by a factor of less than three due to the development and scale-up of new technologies. As part of practical applications, synergies between DAC technologies and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes in oil fields and the reuse of abandoned oil and gas reservoirs will be examined. Finally, the authors identify research gaps such as the assessment of sorbent durability under realistic operation conditions, optimal integration of DAC technologies with renewable energy sources, and long-term monitoring methods for underground CO2 storage. This review offers engineers, researchers, and decision-makers involved in the planning and implementation of DAC systems within the framework of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) necessary technical information and guidelines.

Source: One Petro