Mark's suggestion is the best if you have access to an SWR meter.
You can check for a short with an ordinary multimeter at the connector at the radio end of the cable, but an open circuit can't be diagnosed with a multimeter as an antenna normally reads open circuit.
What broke the antenna off the masthead? if it was and impact (bird or other object) it may have damaged the cable/connector at the mast head and the rigger couldn't tell by looking at it. eg the centre conductor may have broken from the centre pin of the plug.
When you send someone up the mast to check, get them to disconnect the connector and short the centre pin to shield while you con firm the short with your multimeter at the radio end of the cable.
If you have an emergency antenna you could try that on the radio first and prove the radio is working OK, then send the emergency antenna up the mast with the crew/rigger/technician and connect it and see that it works up there to prove the cable is OK.
If all that works, the new antenna is faulty.
Good luck.