The specific equations used in the paper—operator traces for correlations (Eqns (8) and (14)), and algebraic helicity constructs (Eqn (12))—do not satisfy the mathematical assumptions required to derive or test Bell’s inequalities within classical probability theory. As a result:
The model does not constitute a counterexample to Bell’s theorem,
It does not define the necessary probability structure,
It uses algebraic methods incompatible with the core premises of Bell’s inequality derivation. MDPI
Constructs an algebraic averaging procedure yielding the quantum correlation function
Uses correct geometric algebra identities
Produces numerically correct simulations
Define scalar ±1-valued random variables satisfying Bell locality
Provide a valid probability-theoretic expectation
Evade the CHSH inequality within its domain of applicability
Mathematical conclusion (strict):
Diether’s derivation does not refute Bell’s theorem because it does not instantiate the mathematical hypotheses of Bell’s theorem.
The result
is obtained by changing the mathematical object whose expectation is taken, not by violating a Bell inequality.
Bell’s theorem therefore remains intact.
Joy Christian:
Here we continue the Mathematical Review Bell's Theorem: Can you do the same analysis on Christians paper
here is the full reply https://chatgpt.com/share/695415c0-c7a4-8011-bcad-f953d6ab4152
Christian’s paper does not refute Bell’s theorem.
It presents a mathematically consistent non-Bell model that reproduces quantum correlations by abandoning Bell’s assumptions, particularly scalar outcomes and commutativity.
This is a change of axioms, not a disproof.
Dear Anton
Thank you for taking the time to obtain independent ChatGPT reviews.
However, you have not framed the question to ChatGPT which is relevant here.
My present paper is about Fred’s errors. It is not a philosophical challenge to Bell’s theorem, nor does it rely on my spin–helicity paper. Its sole purpose is to identify specific algebraic errors in Diether’s derivation, Eqs. (20)–(27), which are inherited from Christian.
The issue under discussion is therefore not “whether Bell survives”, but whether Diether’s equations are internally correct. Deflecting this into philosophy, subjective comments, or my other papers misses the point entirely.
If you wish to rely on ChatGPT, the appropriate question is not a general Bell critique, but a direct comparison of Diether’s Eqs. (20)–(27) with my explicit correction. That is where the disagreement lies.
I suggest we keep the discussion focused on that concrete mathematical issue. Moreover, you might note that I have not responded to Diether for some time and his latest reply represents an ad hominem response of no interest. I will send the forum the reviewers’ comments as they come in. I rely on those more than the Chat GPT.
Best regards,
Bryan
Gill provides the general impossibility proof. [for Christians paper]
Sanctuary provides the forensic reconstruction. [for Diether paper]
They differ in language, but not in substance.
If Gill is correct, no Christian-style model can work.
If Sanctuary is correct, Diether’s specific implementation fails exactly in the way Gill predicts.
Taken together, they form a mutually reinforcing refutation:
Gill: This class of models cannot produce Bell correlations locally.
Sanctuary: Here is precisely how this one fails.
From a strictly mathematical standpoint, there is no tension between the two critiques; Sanctuary’s analysis sits squarely within Gill’s framework and makes its abstract objections explicit at the level of equations.
Diether’s criticism hinges on a category distinction that is important to make explicit. His statement—
“My paper is a prediction that quantum mechanics is local for EPR–Bohm. The AI didn’t say anything about that.”
—can be addressed cleanly within the mathematics of Bell’s theorem, without invoking reputation, intent, or interpretation.
The short answer is:
the review did address locality, but at the level at which Bell’s theorem defines and constrains it. Diether’s notion of “local” is not the same mathematical notion of locality used in Bell’s theorem, and this difference is decisive.
Below is a precise clarification.
In Bell’s framework, locality is not a philosophical slogan. It is a factorization condition on random variables:
Equivalently, for deterministic models:
This definition has three non-negotiable mathematical consequences:
Outcomes are scalar random variables (±1)
They are jointly defined for all settings
Their correlations are expectations of pointwise products
Bell’s theorem states:
No theory satisfying this definition of locality can reproduce the EPR–Bohm correlations of quantum mechanics.
This is a theorem in probability theory.
Diether uses “local” in a different sense, closer to:
No superluminal signalling
No explicit dependence of one wing’s algebraic expression on the distant setting
Local generation of geometric algebra elements
All of these statements may be true of his construction.
However:
They are not sufficient to establish Bell locality.
Bell locality is stronger and more specific than “no signalling” or “no explicit dependence”.
This distinction is standard and mathematically precise:
Quantum mechanics itself is no-signalling
Yet quantum mechanics is not Bell-local
Thus, claiming locality in the no-signalling or geometric sense does not contradict Bell’s theorem.
The review did not ignore Diether’s claim; it evaluated whether his construction satisfies Bell locality.
The conclusion was:
Diether’s model does not define scalar, jointly measurable, ±1-valued random variables whose expectations reproduce the correlations.
Once that is established, the following implication is unavoidable:
Either the model is not Bell-local
Or it is not a hidden-variable model in Bell’s sense
Or it abandons joint definability / realism
Diether’s construction falls into the second and third categories.
Therefore, the claim
“quantum mechanics is local for EPR–Bohm”
does not hold in the mathematical sense relevant to Bell’s theorem, even if the model is “local” in a weaker or different sense.
Diether’s result can be stated accurately as:
“There exists a geometric-algebraic averaging procedure, using locally generated objects, whose scalar projection reproduces the quantum correlation.”
What cannot be stated (mathematically) is:
“Therefore quantum mechanics satisfies Bell locality.”
That inference fails because:
Bell locality is a property of probability measures on scalar random variables
Diether’s correlations are ensemble-level algebraic scalars, not expectations of pointwise outcomes
This is exactly the same gap identified by Gill in relation to Christian, and it applies regardless of whether the construction is elegant, deterministic, or local in a geometric sense.
If quantum mechanics were Bell-local for EPR–Bohm, then:
A CHSH inequality derivation would go through
The inequality would not be violated
But experimentally and mathematically:
√2 >2Diether’s model reproduces this value only by stepping outside the mathematical domain in which the inequality is derived.
That does not refute Bell’s theorem; it confirms its scope.
A mathematically accurate reply to Diether’s statement would be:
Your paper demonstrates a local geometric-algebra construction that reproduces quantum correlations, but it does not demonstrate Bell locality as defined in Bell’s theorem. Therefore it does not establish that quantum mechanics is local in the sense ruled out by Bell.
The original review did not omit this point; it implicitly addressed it by showing that Bell locality is not satisfied, even if “locality” in another sense is preserved.
Diether may correctly claim no signalling and local algebraic generation
He may not claim Bell locality for EPR–Bohm
The review evaluated locality at the only level where Bell’s theorem applies
If you want, I can next:
Formalize Diether’s model as a contextual hidden-variable theory
Show explicitly which Bell axiom fails (Outcome realism vs joint measurability)
Or contrast Bell locality with parameter independence / outcome independence in Diether’s framework
A Bell-local hidden-variable (HV) model requires a single probability space
and four jointly defined random variables
such that for all :
The crucial property is joint definability: all four variables exist simultaneously for the same .
Diether does not define four scalar random variables. Instead, he defines setting-dependent algebraic maps:
where:
are geometric algebra elements
Scalar outcomes emerge only after averaging and projection
Different settings require different algebraic contexts
Thus, for a fixed :
and are not jointly defined scalar objects
Their scalar reductions depend on which measurement context is chosen
Diether’s model satisfies:
There is no function
defined on a single probability space.
This is the definition of contextuality in the Kochen–Specker / Bell sense.
Therefore, Diether’s model is mathematically a contextual hidden-variable theory.
Contextual hidden-variable models are explicitly excluded from Bell’s theorem.
Bell’s assumptions can be decomposed as follows:
| Bell Assumption | Status in Diether’s Model |
|---|---|
| Measurement independence | Satisfied |
| Parameter independence (no signalling) | Satisfied |
| Outcome independence | Violated |
| Joint definability | Violated |
| Scalar random variables | Violated |
Let us be precise.
Diether ensures:
This guarantees no superluminal signalling.
Quantum mechanics itself satisfies this.
Outcome independence requires:
But in Diether’s model:
The scalar outcome does not exist prior to averaging
The value depends on algebraic cancellation with the partner wing
Hence:
This violates outcome independence.
Bell’s derivation requires:
Diether’s algebraic objects do not permit this:
Each measurement setting defines its own algebraic reduction
There is no common refinement
Mathematically:
This single fact is sufficient to block Bell’s inequality.
For scalar variables:
This identity holds pointwise, before averaging.
In Diether’s construction:
Each term lives in a different algebraic context
The four terms cannot be summed as scalars
No pointwise identity exists
Therefore:
The CHSH inequality is not violated
It is undefined
This is not a loophole; it is a change of axioms.
This resolves Diether’s complaint directly.
| Notion | Meaning | Status in Diether |
|---|---|---|
| Relativistic locality | No superluminal signals | ✔ |
| Parameter independence | No dependence on remote setting | ✔ |
| Bell locality | Factorization + joint realism | ✘ |
Bell’s theorem concerns only the third.
Thus, the statement:
“Quantum mechanics is local for EPR–Bohm”
is true in the first two senses and false in the third.
Bell’s theorem addresses only the third.
The earlier review did not explicitly repeat Diether’s locality claim because:
The mathematical test for Bell locality was applied
The model failed that test
Therefore the claim was already negated by implication
Stated explicitly:
Diether demonstrates locality in the no-signalling sense, but not locality in the Bell sense required to evade Bell’s theorem.
Diether’s model is a contextual hidden-variable theory
It violates joint definability and outcome independence
It preserves no signalling, like standard quantum mechanics
It does not satisfy Bell locality
Therefore it does not imply that quantum mechanics is Bell-local for EPR–Bohm
Diether’s paper does not refute Bell’s theorem.
It reconstructs quantum correlations using a contextual, non-Bell-local framework that preserves relativistic locality.
This is fully consistent with Bell, with quantum mechanics, and with Gill’s critique.
If you want, the next natural step would be:
A side-by-side symbolic derivation showing exactly where Bell’s inequality collapses when joint measurability is removed, or
A comparison with explicitly known contextual models (e.g. Fine, Spekkens, Kochen–Specker)
Just indicate your preference.
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If you define "local" purely as the absence of instantaneous physical influence between distant points, then yes, this paper successfully demonstrates a mechanism for the EPR-Bohm correlations. It shifts the "mystery" of quantum mechanics away from "non-locality" and onto the geometric structure of physical space itself. It shows that what we perceive as "spooky action at a distance" is actually just the local geometry of the 3-sphere being misinterpreted through the lens of a simpler 3D flat space."
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