As promised, I'm going to fill in some comments here. I invite anyone
who dislikes my fill ins to show either counter-arguments or how they
misrepresent the arguments or positions. Most of them will be fill
ins for the theist side because -- despite the rants of the atheists
in this board -- the theist side actually comes off worse, in my
opinion (except right at the end).
I'll be hopping into the middle of some points, but I'll try to steer
it back to the original text without TOO much discontinuity [grin].
On Nov 29, 11:51 pm, slim <
slim...@gmail.com> wrote:
> -------------
> Science, Evolution, and Evil
> "Let me explain the problem science has with Jesus Christ." The
> atheist professor of philosophy pauses before his class and then asks
> one of his new students to stand.
>
> "You're a Christian aren't you son?"
>
> "Yes sir", the student says.
>
> "So you believe in God?"
>
> "Absolutely."
>
> "Is God all-powerful? Can God do anything?"
>
> "Yes."
>
> "Are you good or evil?"
>
> "The Bible says I'm evil."
A: "Wait, why do you think that the Bible says that you're evil?
Surely the whole notion of the New Testament is that you are not
necessarily evil. You may sin, but being a sinner is not necessarily
evil. We all sin. Only Jesus never sinned. How would that make you
evil?"
Student: "But surely I'm not ... wholly good?"
A: "Who says that one is either good or evil, necessarily? I'm
probably neither; sometimes good, sometimes evil. Why can't that be
the case?"
Professor: "Perhaps we should examine, then, whether or not you or our
student are good, evil, or indifferent?"
> "Here's one for you. Let's say there's a sick person over here and you
> can cure him. You can do it. Would you help him? Would you try?"
>
> "Yes sir, I would."
>
> "So you're good...!"
>
> "I wouldn't say that."
>
> "But why not say that? You'd help a sick and maimed person if you
> could.
A: "Imagine this scenario: I know that that sick and maimed person
will die from their illness, and I also know that if they survive
they'll discover that their wife has been cheating on them. Based on
what I know about that person, I hypothesize that this will lead them
to a huge mental collapse that will cause them to end up as an
alcoholic, homeless, on the street. Whereas if I left it alone they'd
have a short, blissful life (since that person's wife would be loving
until the end). And I want them to feel that extra suffering. Is
that action good?"
Professor: "Is this related to the comments about whether it would be
better to live in ignorance and be happy or have accurate knowledge
and be less happy?"
A: "It's a similar situation, but a different point. In this point,
it is irrelevant which THEY would prefer; I believe that they will
suffer more if I help them than if I don't, and so I help them because
I want them to suffer more. Is that good?"
Professor: "It's hard to see how that could be considered good."
A: "So then an action -- or lack of it -- in and of itself is not good
or evil. Motivation -- why I do something -- matters a lot to
goodness."
Professor: "But if you thought it would help them and would make them
suffer less, you'd do it.
> Most of us would if we could. But God doesn't."
A: "But, again, we have to think about motivation. Perhaps God has a
reason for thinking that intervening is worse than not."
Professor: "But what basis could that be? Let's take another
example:"
> "My brother was a Christian who died of cancer, even though he
> prayed to Jesus to heal him how is this Jesus good? Hmmm? Can you
> answer that one?"
A: "It is a false conclusion to say that God will answer all prayers,
even those for healing. Most Christians do indeed believe that God
will only answer prayers if it is His will to do so. So this returns
it to motivations again."
Professor: "But what motivation can God have for not curing cancer in
a person, especially a faithful one?"
A: "Well, can you claim that no good can come from someone with a
fatal illness? You've seen people -- even children -- who have
cancer, no? Have you seen the reaction those people cause in other
people? Many other people -- particularly those who ARE good -- do
things like comfort them, help them, and try to cure them. In these
circumstances, they set wonderful examples for how people should act.
And this occurs generally regardless of the religious beliefs of the
helpers or the observers. Many actions of good and self-sacrifice
come from such illnesses; could such actions occur if those illnesses
never happened?"
Professor: "No, probably not."
A: "There's more. Would so many people be motivated to spend time
researching cancer if it WASN'T a fatal disease? Would we have a
polio vaccine, or have eliminated small pox, if they weren't fatal?
Would we have any of the technology and science we have today if we
never suffered, and if God simply fixed up every single little thing
that went wrong -- even if it was of our making? What reason would we
have to investigate things and learn and discover if we weren't trying
to make our lives better ... to alleviate our suffering?"
Professor: "Seems like we might have some small reason, but you're
right that it wouldn't be as ... pronounced .. as it is now."
A: "So it seems reasonable that WITHOUT suffering, intellect would at
least the stunted. Do you think that a world where our intellect is
stunted is better than a world where it is basically forced to churn
forward at its highest level?"
Professor: "It would seem that Christians would believe so, since that
seems to be a precise description of the Garden of Eden."
A: "True, but I disagree with them; in order for us humans to fully
develop as intellectual and moral beings we HAVE to be removed from
the Garden of Eden ... and we have to suffer in at least some sense."
Professor: "And yet heaven seems to be a precise reproduction of that
'sufferingless' world."
A: "Once we HAVE developed, THEN we can free ourselves from
suffering. But no before."
Professor: "So what happens to children, then, who die before
developing? Like infants?"
A: "That is a VERY tough question. My personal belief would be that
they would get a 'second chance' to develop. But they could be
granted the 'reward' on the basis of their role as the scapegoat to
bring out goodness in others. But it's hard to say for certain."
Professor: "So can we rule out your notion on that basis, that that
question isn't answered?"
A [shrugging]: "The point that without suffering we stagnate stands
with or without an explanation for that one issue, so my reply would
be no."
> "Let's start again, young fella. Is God good?"
>
> "Yes", the student says.
>
> "Is Satan good?"
>
> The student doesn't hesitate on this one. "No."
>
> "Then where does Satan come from?"
>
> "From... God..." Said the student.
>
> "Thats right. God made Satan, didn't he? Tell me son. Is there evil in
> this world?"
>
> "Yes sir."
>
> "Evil is everywhere, isn't it? And God did make everything, correct?"
>
> "Yes."
>
> "So who created evil?" The professor continued, "If God created
> everything, then God created evil. And since evil exists, and
> according to the principle that our works define who we are, then God
> is evil."
A: "Again, the comment is about motivation. WHY did God create Evil?
Can no good come from evil? And then the standard reply comes in:
could you have good without evil? And here's a slightly different
twist: how can _I_ -- as a human -- be good if I could never be evil?
If there were no consequences to performing evil acts, or if God
simply struck me down if I ever did anything evil, could I be good?"
Professor: "Isn't that last point similar to people who only act good
because they are afraid of going to Hell? Can they be good if they
are only doing good to avoid going to Hell?"
A: "My view -- which, you'll note, does indeed somewhat different than
traditional dogma -- is that if you only do good to avoid going to
hell, you aren't being good. You should be good BECAUSE it is good,
not because of a reward you will receive if you are, or a punishment
that you will receive if you aren't. So the teachings should be 'Do
what is RIGHT, and then you will get your reward' as opposed to 'Be
good and follow these rules and you'll go to heaven'."
Professor: "But isn't that the heart of the Christian tradition;
follow the rules, believe in God, go to heaven?"
A: "The Old Testament, yes. But that was a harsher time, and humans
hadn't had the opportunity to develop their intellects to the point
where they could consider morals at the broader level. The New
Testament is clear that there is really only one rule for behaviour:
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. We humans have
reason; we should use it."
Professor: "But does this answer the question of whether or not God is
evil? This sidetrack on rules is interesting, but doesn't seem to
address the question."
> Without allowing the student to answer, the professor continues: "Is
> there sickness? Immorality? Hatred? Ugliness? All these terrible
> things, do the exist in this world?"
A: "Yes, they do. But Immorality and Hatred are human ... and I have
shown that without the ability to do evil, I cannot do good. And
sickness can bring out the best in people. Thus, while we can claim
that they are evil, we cannot say that it is necessarily evil TO ALLOW
THEM. And that's all we need to avoid the claim that God is
necessarily evil. Granted, it wouldn't prove He's good EITHER, since
he might just like to see us suffer. That's the trick with judging
motivations; there's usually more than one reasonable answer. "
> "Tell me," he continues on to another student. "Do you believe in
> Jesus Christ son?"
>
> The student's voice is confident. "Yes, professor I do."
>
> The old man stops pacing. "Science says you have five senses you use
> to identify and observe the world around you. Have you ever seen
> Jesus?"
>
> "No sir. I've never seen Him."
>
> "Then tell us if you've ever heard your Jesus?"
>
> "No, sir, I have not."
>
> "Have you ever actually felt your Jesus, tasted your Jesus or smelt
> your Jesus?"
>
> "Have you ever had any sensory perception of Jesus Christ, or God for
> that matter?"
>
> "No, sir, I'm afraid I haven't."
>
> "Yet you still believe in him?"
>
> "Yes."
>
> "According to the rules of empirical, testable, demonstrateable
> protocol, science says your God doesn't exist.
A: "With all due respect, it says no such thing. All that science can
say -- if you simply haven't seen something, as you assert here -- is
either that there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate its
existence scientifically (which doesn't mean it doesn't exist; key
difference there) or that the thing cannot be studied by science.
Neither these are saying that 'God doesn't exist'. Science cannot say
THAT, at least not based on your comments here. If it could, then
science would have disproved God. But I don't think anyone will make
that claim."
Professor: "We could likely debate all day over evolution and why it
may well do this, but let's put that aside for now. Suffice it to
say, though, that he still believes in something that he has not
experienced with the senses. "
A: "Well, so do you."
Professor: "Explain."
A: "Well, you've never been to Egypt, right? So you've never seen the
pyramids?"
Professor: "I've seen pictures of them, and movies."
A: "Ah, pictures and movies. Have you seen the movie 'Transformers'?"
Professor: "Yes ... I took my grandkids to see it."
A: "The robots looked pretty real, didn't they?"
Professor: "Yes."
A: "So you've seen pictures and movies of the Transformers. Do you
think THEY exist, too?"
Professor [chuckling]: "No, of course not. So you are correct that
pictures alone may not count as 'seeing'. But I have all sorts of
other reasons for thinking that the pyramids exist."
A: "I agree ... mostly much documentation and the testimony of people
who HAVE seen it. But do you believe Julius Caesar existed, without
having seen him?"
Professor: "Yes, but the historical texts are quite well confirmed.
We do not have that for Jesus."
A: "True, completely in agreement. Do you believe that Socrates
existed, and said what he said?"
Professor: "Of course!"
A: "And yet most of our sources about him and his works are
fictional. So the question is not 'If you can't sense something, you
must disbelieve it', but to what degree something must be 'unreliable'
before we disbelieve it."
Professor: "The supernatural claims in the Bible make it more dubious
than those in the stories about Socrates, which doesn't have those
claims."
A: "[cough]Oracle[cough]"
Professor: "Could be explained as a totally natural person spreading
rumours. But this will get us into another long discussion, so we
should move on."
> "You are working an the premise of duality," the student explains.
> "You argue that there is life and then there is death; a good God and
> a bad God. You are viewing the concept of God as something finite,
> something we can measure.
A: "I fail to see why this advances your point. Even if there is no
'good God, bad God', the questions of evil need to be addressed; you
have failed to do so."
Sir, science can't even explain a thought.
> It uses electricity and magnetism, but has never been seen, much less
> fully understood. To view death as the opposite of life is to be
> ignorant of the fact that death cannot exist as a substantive thing.
> Death is not the opposite of life, just the absence of it. Now tell me
> professor. Do you teach your students that they evolved from a
> monkey?"
>
> "If you are referring to the natural evolutionary process, young man,
> yes of course I do."
>
> "Have you ever observed evolution with your own eyes sir?"
>
> The professor begins to shake his head, still smiling, as he realizes
> where the argument is going.
>
> "Since no one has ever observed the process of evolution at work and
> cannot even prove that this process is an on-going endeavor, are you
> not teaching your opinion sir? Are you now not a scientist but a
> preacher?"
A: "The issue is that the claim is not based on his seeing it
directly, but instead of things that HAVE been observed leading to
that conclusion ... which you have not yet bothered to advance for
God."
Student: "The complexity of the universe is such that it REQUIRES a
God."
A: "Untrue. It doesn't even unambiguously suggest it. You may choose
to believe that it does, since so far we still have things that seem
to work better with a designer, but you cannot assert that one is
required. Science tomorrow could refute most of those, and then where
would your claim be?"
A: "So God did not create evil ... that thing that has to be in some
sense in order to make good exist. Sure. Then God didn't create at
least meaningful good either, since you can't have good that has
meaning without evil. Look, good and evil are indeed general
abstractions, and so talking about 'creating' them doesn't make much
sense. But creating the conditions for them and that allow them is
the same thing as creating them, and this simply dodges that point."
> All of a sudden the professor exclaimed, "I got it! If you were to
> open my head and look inside, you'd see that i have a brain."
>
> "With all due respect sir," the student replied respectfully. "If you
> opened the Bible and read inside, you'd see that there's a God."
A: "Your point is not valid. His claim is that he has a brain, and
then shows that he could empirically show you his brain, thus refuting
your point. Reading the Bible will not make you have a similar
experience of God, proving its existence. If you wanted to make this
claim, you should have started with 'mind'. Opening up the head does
not show you mind; only faith in the materialist theory of mind gets
you from that to mind."
Professor: "But what other explanation is there?"
A: "Any theory of interactionist dualism has the same properties as
materialism. Materialism may be preferred, but it has issues. At any
rate, this would be another long discussion, and I see class is
ending."