You could use an inline barrel adjuster on the section of Bowden cable
between the derailleur and the cable stop on the chainstay. Something
like this:
http://www.wiggle.co.uk/bbb-bcb-95-in-line-gear-barrel-adjuster/
I used one of these adjusters on my Bleriot, with the same derailleur,
where I was using barend shifters and the downtube cable stops have no
provision for an adjustment mechanism.
To put the rear shifter into friction mode, look at the shifter where it
attaches to the downtube. Around the fixing screw there is an annular
housing with a small red triangle marked on it. With the shifter in
indexed mode, the triangle is opposite a mark on the shifter body
labelled SIS. Use the d-ring attached to the housing to turn it through
about 90 degrees, to the setting marked Friction.
Nick