Modern manufacturers seem to favor cheating with shorter tires as often as they favor narrower tires. Everybody measures width now, almost nobody measures height. The nominally 700cx38mm gravelkings are between 38-42mm wide but are never going to be 38mm tall, often topping out at 35mm and even then only near max pressure. The tread, as you noted, is also very thin, 1.8mm at the thickest spots and 1.5mm at the thinnest. Of the half dozen or so I've used, I've worn the rear to the cords at between 1400 and 2200 miles, not a problem when they were 2/$73 but now that they're $45+ each I've sought other brands and styles. The 650b sizes are similar, my 650bx42 pair was 36mm tall, compared to Hetres at 41mm and BSPs at 40.5mm. And it's not just Panaracer, I just dumpstered some nominally 700cx37 WTB Riddlers that I was suffering unending pinch flats, I measured height and they were barely 30mm tall, useless. Turns out I am fairly skilled as eyeballing width, but terrible at height. These measurements are on generously wide rims, 22mm-25mm inside width.
Oddly enough I've got a pair of "700cx23" Schwinn Pro Circuit that measure 18mm wide (@125psi) but also measure 18mm tall, on 14mm inside width rims!
Thanks for everyone who posted additional tires, I'll add them shortly. The spreadsheet has already proved helpful in assisting a fellow rider looking for some mud tires after a wet and slippery gravel race last month.