Gordon Alport
One thing that motivates human beings is the tendency to satisfy
biological survival needs, which Alport referred to as opportunistic
functioning. He noted that opportunistic functioning can be
characterized as reactive, past-oriented, and, of course, biological.
Aaron Beck
Beck is known as the father of cognitive therapy and inventor of the
widely used Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale,
and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Alfred Binet
Binet was a French psychologist who published the first modern
intelligence test, the Binet-Simon intelligence scale, in 1905. His
principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in
coping with the school curriculum.
Behavioral psychology is used through therapy to help people out with
something like fears.Behavioral therapists work to change problematic
behaviors that have been trained through years of reinforcement. A
good example of behavioral therapy would be a therapist working with a
client to overcome a fear of heights. The therapist would encourage
the client to gradually face their fear of heights through experience.
The client might first imagine standing on the roof of a tall building
or riding an escalator. Next, the client would slowly expose
themselves to greater and greater levels of their fear until the
phobia diminishes or disappears entirely.
Behavioral psychologies immediate goal is to understand individuals
and groups through behavior by both establishing general principles
and researching specific cases of behavior. For many, the ultimate
goal of psychology is to benefit society.