Yes, and specifically on the X and Y motors.
X is simple, it's direct drive off the motor. Y axis generally has the short belt from the motor to the jack shaft. The key here is that both the drive pulley and dreven pulley on the jackshaft are the same. They could be any toot count, it's a 1:1 ratio in and out. So by changing the pulley at the motor- the source of the motion is now 18t pulley.
You cannot connect with Makerware and print over USB this way as the Makerware conveyor service looks for the reported VID and PID of the firmware to decide which bot you have. Rep-G doesn't care about VID/PID but you should connect one time using the Replicator 2X profile to set the correct steps per mm in the firmware. Remember, for the most part, the magic happens at X3G conversion step. However, most Rep-G start.gcode recalls homing offsets as does the S3D code. Setting correct steps per mm in firmware is used for: Homing and toolhead offsets and the real kicker- pause of any type.
So the basic steps recap:
Change pulleys
Connect to Sailfish using Rep-G with a Sailfish Replicator 2X profile- that adjusts steps per mm in firmware eeprom and updates the axis lengths and homing/toolhead offsets. Keep in mind, firmware thinks in steps, not mm. This is why this is critical
Now ensure you choose 2X machine types in software when generting the X3G so that the correct steps per mm are encoded to the resulting file.
It's recommended to just print from SD to prevent any confusion. Any previously created X3G is proabably encoded with the wrong steps per mm and thus a smart idea is to purge all SD cards of previous files.
Again, the advantage of doing this is so that things like The MakerBot store which sells X3Gs that are precompiled for the 2X would print 6% undersize before this mod. Things like MatterControl currently default to Rep2 profiles for X3G, etc.
Rather than fight the system, make a simple mod to the printer and just fake the funk.