SD cards die all the time. I assume you can read the SD card in the computer?
Have you reformatted the card?
What software are you using?
Again, the problem is the combination of symptoms.
SD card not working is not unheard of- most likely, bad card, bad format, bad file.
That coupled with the note of extreme noise and vibration so bad it shows up in the print - yet it still prints something an maintains positional registration.
That can only be stepper current is waaaaaay off and given how easy that is to do by using incorrectly formatted start.gcode in your slicer- not a total surpise.
What I'm getting at is- if you clearly made the mistake of using the wrong code - then other mistakes (wrong SD card format, wrong file format, etc) are also a very real possibility from a troubleshooting standpoint.