Hello Elliot-
Glad you are here! We can certainly use the help. There are no easy answers to your questions, as you've presumably already ascertained. There are two pieces to your answer, I think:
1. What makes good math or science 3D printable teaching model, and
2. Is the answer different for a visually-impaired student?
We have found so far that (1) is the harder part. Our
3D Printed Science Projects book might help; we have a section in each chapter entitled "Learning Like a Maker" in which we talk about the road we took to create that model. We are working on a Volume 2 with a focus on physics, engineering and geology models.
We actually have created an online class through LERN network to address how to create a good math or science model; it runs next in March. Details and registration here:
http://www.yougotclass.org/courses.cfm/MatterHackers/3D-Printed-Science-and-Math:-Visualizations-and-ExperimentsFor (2) the Hackaday project linked above chronicled our progress with our models to date. I think the key findings were that simple is good and that orientation cues are important. The TVIs we have interviewed have by and large discouraged Braille labels, since it is relatively easy to add them later. If you do use Braille labels, see our discussion about that and be sure to print Braille on a
vertical surface so it does not peel right off.
As for (2) there are a lot of teachers of the visually impaired in this group. What I'd suggest is that you post what you're thinking about, or any prototype, and let them comment. That's what we've done with our models we have done here. As with any software project early and frequent interaction with the user or their surrogate is the best way to get a good product!
Feel free, too, to look at the request out there and see if your students can fulfill any of them. Maybe the phospholipid bilayer?
-Joan