No, a loop is not needed. In either VPython 6 or VPython 7 the one-line program "sphere()" works fine and even enables mouse actions to zoom and rotate. It's only when you have an ongoing animation that you need a loop containing a rate statement.
To address the question of what files are present with VPython 6: In C:/Python27/Lib/site-packages you should see the following folders:
numpy, Polygon, ttfquery, vidle, vis, visual, visual_common, and wx-3.0-msw.
In addition there are these files in site-packages:
FontTools.pth, wx.pth, and wxversion.py (and two files that presumably don't matter, numpy and Polygon .egg-info files)
A possible problem is that the VPython 6 installer installs numpy without (I think) checking whether there is already a numpy installed.
Another possible problem is that if you don't let the Python installer install onto the C drive, there can be failures.
Yet another possibility: When you reinstalled Python and/or VPython, did you use the installers you had already downloaded? If so, it would be prudent to download fresh copies and try again, on the chance that something went wrong in the original download.
Finally, you could try VPython 7 or GlowScript VPython.
Bruce