Figured that out, by adding --langmap=c:+.pro
Here's the backtrace from gdb in MinGW. I'll try to look into it some more tomorrow if someone else doesn't beat me to it:
(gdb) bt
#0 0x0054f080 in screen_puts_len (text=0x2b4480 "\"
eval.pro\" ", textlen=11, row=-1, col=0, attr=0) at screen.c:7305
#1 0x004bcda6 in t_puts (t_col=0x22ec74, t_s=0x2b4480 "\"
eval.pro\" ", s=0x2b448b "", attr=0) at message.c:2430
#2 0x004bc780 in msg_puts_display (str=0x2b4480 "\"
eval.pro\" ", maxlen=11, attr=0, recurse=0) at message.c:2177
#3 0x004bc104 in msg_puts_attr_len (str=0x2b4480 "\"
eval.pro\" ", maxlen=11, attr=0) at message.c:1936
#4 0x004bb4ce in msg_outtrans_len_attr (msgstr=0x2b4480 "\"
eval.pro\" ", len=-1, attr=0) at message.c:1455
#5 0x004bb189 in msg_outtrans_attr (str=0x2b4480 "\"
eval.pro\" ", attr=0) at message.c:1336
#6 0x00480976 in filemess (buf=0x3f4ca00, name=0x2b5bda8 "
eval.pro", s=0x60a41d "", attr=0) at fileio.c:176
#7 0x00481853 in readfile ( fname=0x4381a48 "c:/Users/Ben/Code/vim-src/src/proto/
eval.pro", sfname=0x2b5bda8 "
eval.pro", from=0, lines_to_skip=0, lines_to_read=
2147483647, eap=0x0, flags=1) at fileio.c:815
#8 0x004026e9 in open_buffer (read_stdin=0, eap=0x0, flags=0) at buffer.c:147
#9 0x00451c53 in do_ecmd (fnum=0, ffname=0x4381a00 "c:/Users/Ben/Code/vim-src/src/proto/
eval.pro", sfname=0x437e410 "/Users/Ben/Code/vim-src/src/proto/
eval.pro", eap=0x0, newlnum=0, flags=0, oldwin=0x2b5dd8) at ex_cmds.c:3694
#10 0x00451184 in getfile (fnum=0, ffname=0x3c1c880 "c:/Users/Ben/Code/vim-src/src/proto/
eval.pro", sfname=0x437e410 "/Users/Ben/Code/vim-src/src/proto/
eval.pro", setpm=1, lnum=0, forceit=0) at ex_cmds.c:3119
#11 0x00593866 in jumpto_tag ( lbuf=0x437d8a0 "\003/Users/Ben/Code/vim-src/tags", forceit=0, keep_help=1) at tag.c:3193
#12 0x005905eb in do_tag (tag=0x2b98264 "do_string_sub", type=9, count=0, forceit=0, verbose=0) at tag.c:1034
#13 0x005c2038 in do_cstag (eap=0x22f550) at if_cscope.c:304
#14 0x0046f647 in ex_tag_cmd (eap=0x22f550, name=0x607270 "tag") at ex_docmd.c:10338
#15 0x0046f59e in ex_tag (eap=0x22f550) at ex_docmd.c:10305
#16 0x004632fb in do_one_cmd (cmdlinep=0x22f9b4, sourcing=1, cstack=0x22f6b0, fgetline=0, cookie=0x0) at ex_docmd.c:2940
#17 0x0046055f in do_cmdline (cmdline=0x2bec1a8 "0ta do_string_sub", fgetline=0, cookie=0x0, flags=11) at ex_docmd.c:1133
#18 0x0045fda8 in do_cmdline_cmd (cmd=0x2bec1a8 "0ta do_string_sub") at ex_docmd.c:738
#19 0x004eb504 in nv_ident (cap=0x22fb00) at normal.c:5781
#20 0x004e366a in normal_cmd (oap=0x22fbc0, toplevel=1) at normal.c:1160
#21 0x0049e799 in main_loop (cmdwin=0, noexmode=0) at main.c:1334
#22 0x0049e1eb in VimMain (argc=1, argv=0x2b3418) at main.c:1034
#23 0x005e2023 in WinMain@16 (hInstance=0x400000, hPrevInst=0x0, lpszCmdLine=0xb325f0 "", nCmdShow=10) at os_w32exe.c:125
#24 0x005e8a7a in main ( argc=<error reading variable: Cannot access memory at address 0xb>, argv=<error reading variable: Cannot access memory at address 0xf>, __p__environ=<error reading variable: Cannot access memory at address 0x13>) at ../mingw/main.c:73