One thing you should do is try a different version of OpenVPN -- 2.3.2 or 2.3.3. You can change that on Tunnelblick's "Settings" tab after selecting one or more configurations on the left of the "VPN Details…" window.
The only other thing I can think of is that the "openssl" command is accepting a private key that the OpenSSL library built into Tunnelblick does not accept.
Tunnelblick 3.4beta24 contains version 1.0.1g of the OpenSSL library. If you are using Mavericks, you are probably using version 0.9.8y of the "openssl" command. Perhaps it is a problem with the different versions, or perhaps the OpenSSL library built into Tunnelblick was built using different build parameters that don't include some particular encryption or hash method that the "openssl" command does include.
You can try using the "openssl" command on your Mac to change the private key. If the private key was generated on some other machine or some other version of OpenSSL originally, maybe this will fix the problem.
I'm not an OpenSSL expert, but I think you can change the private key as follows
openssl pkcs12 -des -in cert.p12 -out cert.new.p12
mv cert.p12 cert.ORIGINAL.p12
(I'm not sure about the "-des", though. It might be necessary to remove the private key encryption first with something other than "-des", then add it back in using "-des".)
Perhaps someone more knowledgable about OpenSSL can chime in?