ugh, following up with some corrections on what I hacked together in case they help anyone...
Previously, I had said...
This is not correct. This option just tells the build system to link the import library for dependencies (in my case, set by adding the libtesseract project as a dependency of the library I am building). Turning this off didn't fix my problem, it just hid it. As soon as I tried to actually use the library, I failed to link because none of the tesseract symbols were available.
Turning this back on then caused the multiple symbol collision problem I was having earlier. I tracked this down to the following cause...
cppan generated a cmake file which used the cmake __create_def feature to automatically create a dll export file for the project. The vcxproj file was set to use this generated exports def file. The trouble is that the automatically generated file was WAY to inclusive; it was exporting pretty much all of the symbols from std:: in addition to everything else. So, when it came time to link, all of the symbols from the standard library I was using in my library were colliding with the symbols from the libtesseract import library which had been generated.
The thing is, generating an explicit export definition file is not needed at all. The tesseract library is already well set up to flag what should and should not be exported using the TESS_API macro (defined in ccutil\platform.h). So, all I needed to do is remove the explicit export definition file and everything worked out just fine (Configuration Properties -> Linker -> All Options -> Module Definition File should be empty).
-john