I believe there was a USB key plugged in, now that you mention it.
Sounds like a bios setting tweak is in order, to keep it from booting from USB before the HD. Might not be a bad idea to have a disk image stored away somewhere, anyway, just in case.
Riley contacted me and I was able to get RetinaEngrave talking to the laser by manually entering the IP address of the laser into RE.
After all that, I noticed that the beam alignment appears to be pretty badly off. The red aiming beam is almost completely missing the final mirror. I assume that means that the main beam is similarly impaired.