When did you stop beating your wife?
>
> "It is by now an acadernic commonplace
Not really. Some people who know as little about history as they do
about biology repeat it, but that makes it neither common place, even
less true,
to observe that national socialism was a crude social Darwinism.
> This "Rumpelstiltskin effect" assumes that by naming something one has explained it and has it under
> control. It is not so simple. True, Nazism was a form of social Darwinism. That correct assertion, however,
> explains little, as there is no reason inherent in Darwin's thought that required as a logical consequence
> the extermination of millions of human beings. Darwin's ideas have been appIied (misappIied?) in a variety
> of ways. All manner of liberal thinkers have appropriated Darwin to find, at last, a scientific foundation for
> the liberal beIief in progress,
a goal directed process, which really does not fit into evolutinary biology
democratic egalitarian socialism, and an altruistic ethic of human
soIidarity.
> Marx himself viewed Darwin's work as confirmation by the naturaI sciences of his own views, and even
> Mao Tse-tung regarded Darwin, as presented by the German Darwinists, as the foundation of Chinese
> scientific sociaIism (Mehnert 1977). How did Darwinism in Germany become the foundation for national
> socialism?
How indeed, since if you were to apply it to any theory of economy, free
market capitalism is the one that shares the most similarities. And for
good historical reasons of course, after all Darwin first studied in
Edinburgh where Smith and his theory dominated intellectual life, and
thus unsurprisingly cites him a few times in his books.
Statist schoosl of economy, including socialism and fascism, think that
there is a need for intelligent design of the economy, by a central
planner. Free market models by contrast argue that from a multitude of
uncoordinated interactions, order emerges spontaneously. No need for a
central planner or intelligent designer, just the invisible hand of the
market, a.k.a. natural selection: if a product is not bought, the
company gets extinct (bankrupt), and to remain competitive, it has to
refine its products more and more (adapt) to changing environmental
conditions (fashions). Each actor only acts on their limited interest
(cf "selfish gene") and nonetheless, the result is optimization for
everybody, where products get better and better over time,and resource
allocation more and more efficient.
The exact opposite of course to both the older mercantilism that Smith
attacked, and to the later statist models from both left and right which
are based like Nazism on central (forward) planning
>
> "It is instructive to recall the full tit1e of Darwin's revolutionary work of 1859: On the Origin of Species by
> means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. There are, thus,
> two basic ideas: the idea of evolution and the idea of selection.
Eh, no? One is a part of the other, that does nto make them two ideas
Darwinism seems to combine within one
> theory an idea of an overall pattern or cohesion in the evolution or development of allife forms with an
> idea, that all species "have evolved through a natural selection of vanous, offspring through a competitive
> struggle for life. Fitness, then, results from the chance interrelationships among vast numbers of
> possibilities wherein some are selected ; and some rejected on the basis of an ability for surviving, and
> reproducing in a given environment at a given time.
OK so far
>
> "It is obvious that any teleological or transcendent-dualistic notions are an unscientific intrusion into
> Darwin's account of life on earth. Nevertheless, the liberal social Darwinism of the English focused on
> evolution to the neglect of selection.
since this would be a self contradiction, as per the above, the more
obvious solution is that what he calls here "evolution" is simply not
evolution as Darwin described it, but has its roots in the mid 18th
century romanticist idea of society as a living organism, which became a
mainstay of conservative thought in response to the French revolution.
Nothing to to with Darwin, and considerably older.
For men like Herbert Spencer, there was, via the organic analogy, an
> almost automatic evolution in a progressive direction. The basic competition among individuals became a
> virtual guarantee of inevitable progress in ethics, politics, and civilization in general. It is, of course, now
> widely recognized that this "Darwinism" of English liberal, rational capitalism and individualism was an
> ideology in search of scientific legitimacy rather than science supporting an ideology. German social
> Darwinism, while even a greater misappropriation of science than English and American social Darwinism,
> was, curiously enough, more faithful to the fullness of Darwin' s scientific views.
>
> "The core idea of Darwinism was not evolution, but selection.
as nonsensical as saying "The core idea of physics are not forces, but
gravity"
Evolution is a completely neutral word which
> describes the resu1ts of selection. Selection, to which values are irrelevant, results in evolution. English
> social Darwinism, as it were, had it backwards. Darwin's insight was rather that "success" or the
> "preservation of favoured races" is the result of biological "fitness" in the living conditions of a given time
> and place; there is no equation of survival and progress in Darwin. The Germans, who focused on selection
> and the "struggle," or Kampf as it was translated, were closer to the radical insight of Darwin's efforts. "
This is exceedingly odd. The previous paragraphs simply suffer fro
ahistorical equivocations, in this one the second part directly
contradicts the first
>
>
http://www.helsinki.fi/~pjojala/Stein2.htm
>