Rosenhouse:
"Consider first that there are just a handful of places on Earth where rocks of Cambrian age exist. We have just a few fossils from a handful of locations to tell us about what sort of critters were around 500 million years ago. In other words, we know next to nothing about the biodiversity of the time."
The Virtual Fossil Museum:
"A unique aspect of Cambrian is prevalence of lagerstätten, fossil sites exhibiting exceptional preservation, including preservation of soft tissue parts. The lagerstatten are paramount to science's understanding of the evolutionary origins of complex early organisms that contained the genetic building blocks of life on earth today."
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Paleobiology/CambrianFossils.htm
Short version:
Jason Rosenhouse is ignorant of the extent of the Cambrian fossil record.
Rosenhouse:
"Next, we are speaking of an "explosion" only in the geological sense. ... Ten million years is an awful lot of time for natural selection to do its thing. Evolution is a slow process, but not that slow."
...
"I think you can include Meyer among the people unfamiliar with the equations of population genetics. Those equations typically have to do with modelling short-term gene flow, and not with drawing grand conclusions about the magnitude of morphological change that can occur in forty to fifty million years. I can't imagine how Meyer intends to quantify the amount of morphological change that occurred during those fateful millions of years. Nor can I imagine how he is going to work out the values of the Cambrian allele frequencies, selection coefficients, mutation rates, or any of the other variables that tend to show up in the equations of population genetics.
And no, NOTHING IN CHAPTER 12 DOES ANYTHING TO SUGGEST that Meyer knows what he's talking about."
What Chapter 12 says:
Frank Salisbury, biologist, Utah State University:
"The mutational mechanism as presently imagined could fall short by hundreds of orders
of magnitude of producing, in a mere FOUR BILLION YEARS, even a SINGLE REQUIRED GENE" - "Natural Selection and the Complexity of the Gene", p. 342-43, emphasis added
John Maynard Smith (partly in response to Salisbury):
"If evolution by natural selection is to occur, functional proteins must form a CONTINUOUS NETWORK which can be traversed by UNIT MUTATIONAL STEPS without
passing through nonfunctional intermediates" (Nature, 1970) emphasis added
Maynard Smith:
"Suppose that a protein ABCD...exists, and a protein abCD... would be favored by selection
if it arose. Suppose further that the intermediates aBCD... and AbCD... are non-functional.
These forms would arise by mutation, but would usually be eliminated by selection before
a second mutation could occur. The DOUBLE STEP from ABCD.. to abCD would thus be
VERY UNLIKELY TO OCCUR."
...
"Such double steps...may OCCASIONALLY occur, but are TOO RARE to be important in evolution."
("Natural Selection and the Concept of a Protein Space, 564, emphasis added)
H. Allen Orr in 'Nature Review Genetics', 2005:
"Although Maynard Smith's work appeared early in the molecular revolution, [his ideas about problems facing protein evolution] were almost entirely ignored for nearly two
decades." ("The Genetic Theory of Adaptation", 123)
Stephen Meyer:
"Thus, Orr noted that evolutionary biologists STOPPED THINKING ABOUT molecular evolution as a consequence of adaptive changes at the AMINO ACID level. Not until the
first decade of the twenty-first century would biologists confront the challenge of making a
rigorous QUANTITATIVE analysis of the PLAUSIBILITY of protein-to-protein evolution."
...
"In 2004, Lehigh University chemist Michael Behe...and University of Pittsburg physicist
David Snoke published a paper in the journal 'Protein Science' that RETURNED to the
problem FIRST DESCRIBED BY MAYNARD-SMITH." (Behe and Snoke, "Simulating Evolution
by Gene Duplication of Protein Features that Require Multiple Amino Acid Residues.")
Rick Durrett and Deena Schmidt, Two Cornell University mathematical biologists, both defenders of neo-Darwinism, conducting their own calculations in an attempt to refute Behe:
"[Our calculation implies that generating two or more co-ordinated mutations is] VERY UNLIKELY TO OCCUR on a reasonable time scale." ('Waiting for Two Mutations: With
Application to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of Darwinian Evolution', 1507), emphasis added
Meyer:
"[Douglas] Axe and [Anne] Gauger confirmed that genes and proteins THEMSELVES
represent COMPLEX adaptations - entities that depend upon the coordinated interaction
of multiple subunits that must arise AS A GROUP to confer any functional advantage"(emphasis added)
...
"[All of the above biologists] and other biologists have recently shown that generating the
number of multiple coordinated mutations needed to produce even ONE NEW GENE OR
PROTEIN is unlikely to occur within a realistic waiting time. Thus, these biologists establish
the IMPLAUSIBILITY OF THE NEO-DARWINIAN MECHANISM as a means of generating
new genetic information." (emphasis added)
...
"Thus, the various experiments and calculations performed between 2004 and 2011...
supply further evidence that the neo-Darwinian mechanism cannot generate the information
necessary to build new GENES, let alone a NEW FORM OF ANIMAL LIFE, in the time
available to the evolutionary process."
-And that INCLUDES the Cambrian period.
...MOVING RIGHT ALONG...
Rosenhouse writes:
"Then there's the character of the critters themselves. We're not talking about Cambrian rabbits, to use a famous example. We're talking about little wormy things. Lot's of variations on the "little wormy thing" body plan, but little wormy things nonetheless."
Fossilmuseum.net writes:
"Except for enigmatic forms, ALL MODERN ANIMAL PHYLA with a fossil record, except bryozoa, are REPRESENTED IN THE CAMBRIAN."
http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Paleobiology/CambrianFossils.htm