Bird flocking etc are examples of complex adaptive systems.
So are diseases. Learn the abstract version first in
order to understand the specific next.
Of course part details matter, but not when trying
to understand the system behavior. Once that is
understood then the part details come into play
when building a specific solution.
Analogous to looking at symptoms first in order
to help diagnose the problem with the parts.
System first, parts second, as opposed to the
well worn habit of reducing to parts first
in order to understand the whole.
Since the parts can't inform about the system
emergent properties the objective constructionist
view can't relate part to whole very well.
But since the emergent properties can define
the part rules, as in the rules the birds
follow when flocking, the system first approach
can relate part and whole.
Looking at a single bird in isolation to the
whole will never reveal the rules they follow
when flocking, only when observing the whole
can those rules be seen.
Cancer as a complex adaptive system.
E.D. Schwab, K.J. Pienta'
The Michigan Prostate Institute, University of Michigan
Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of
Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine,
Ann Arbor, Ml 48109, USA
Abstract
The second leading cause of death in the USA is cancer.
Institutions worldwide are devoting significant resources
to the treatment of cancer, and the elucidation of the
disease pathway. While great progress has been made in
understanding and treating carcinogenesis, many aspects
of the disease remain intractable.
Throughout the history of science many other disciplines--
astronomy, particle physics, etc.--have been advanced
when the fundamental ideas governing the discipline were
redefined. These redefinitions are often termed
'paradigm shifts'.
The new sciences of chaos theory and complexity have led to
paradigm shifts in many unrelated disciplines such as
economics, meteorology and seismology. Our current understanding
of carcinogenesis has resulted from a conventional view of
the disease process. In this perception, the mutation of
a gene, or several genes, leads to cancer. Applying the
formalism of chaos theory and complexity to carcinogenesis,
however, leads to a different perception of the disease.
If we look closer, cancer can be viewed as a complex adaptive system.
Redefining our perception of cancer may lead to a deeper
understanding of the disease, and possibly result in novel
methods of therapeutic intervention.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8898325