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Re: Meet Local Single Women For Sex Near Me - Girls Looking For Fuck Tonight
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toryst...@gmail.com
Jul 15, 2018, 7:14:51 AM7/15/18
to
On Saturday, June 16, 2018 at 3:50:41 PM UTC+5:30, shopia...@gmail.com wrote:
> Meet here lots of Local Single Women in your near me local area for best get laid and one night stand. find here girls for Sex Near Me and seeking for dating - single Girls Looking For near me men for Fuck Tonight
>
> meet me tonight :: https://adultfriendfinder.com/go/g1444492
In essence, a one night stand or sex for just one night is a dream of many people on vacation and of not completely sexually satisfied megapolis residents. In other words those who have a zero chance of meeting the accomplice of the night-time adventure the next day at the grocery store you usually shop at. Talks about how only men dream about sex per se, and women dream strictly about laundry and diapers are a complete nonsense. Girls too sometimes want simple animal joy of sex without unnecessary conversations and subsequent meetings. If you are ready for sexual heroic deeds of such nature take note of the following advice.
So where would you look for a girl? Obviously not on the street, not on the subway, and not at a corporate party of the company you work for. In general any entertaining relaxing establishment like a bar or dance club will work. You are already there? Well, then look for a target. A single one of course. And an ideal one. For example, women with low self-esteem. Surprisingly enough, it is probably the best looking of all girls. So beautiful that men are too scared to approach her fearing she will turn them down. So do not follow their example. A very promising category is the category of the rejected and hurt girls. Her husband cheated on her, her lover dumped her, in other words the girl must pay back and self-satisfy herself in sex. So go ahead and try to demonstrate the maximum confidence in yourself and the results of the approaching night. Pay attention to girls who act confident about their appearance. The main indicator is the way they dress. Tight, bright, and short - this is the type to avoid. Unfortunately, sometimes there are also girls that dream to find their prince charming in the pub and get engaged with him right away. So if she starts talking about vacations together and the perfect curtain colors, remember of something very important that unexpectedly came up and retreat. One more category is the girls that fall too fast into your embrace - all they want is just have fun at your expense. Unfortunately, it's pretty hard to identify them. Therefore just treat such blunders philosophically and don't get hung up on it.
According to the international survey carried out in the USA and a number of developed European countries (the participants were 500 women and 300 men) 2/3 of women have had a one night stand at least once in their life. The majority was not too impressed with the results of such sexual experiments. Men had different statistics. More than half of those who participated in such sex activity claimed that it was way more fascinating than with a regular partner. For most women one night stand happened only once or twice in their life. Only 30% practice such relationship once or twice a month, 5% - once a month, and only 1% - regularly every weekend. However, the majority of women polled (64%) consider it quite an acceptable form of sexual interaction, and 17% presume that it would be more pleasurable than with a regular partner. For a lot of people though, the next day is the day of disappointment. 14% call all sex experiments unsuccessful, and 62% call unsuccessful the majority of such experiments. 40% of men meanwhile claim that they are ready for such sexual heroic deeds at any time. And 49% of polled men assure that they never felt disappointed with the results of such interactions. Nonetheless, 28% of men have a quite low opinion of women who agree to have a one night stand. Women who feel the same way about men who have one night stands amount to 48%. And 29% of them claim they would change their opinion about their girlfriend to the worse if they found out she has had or is capable of having such sexual relationship.
Now that you found the woman, it is important that she finds you. The research reassures - girls make the decision whether a man is interesting (and consequently suitable for sex) in the first 30-90 seconds of communicating. If she hasn't lost her interest in you after that amount of time, consider it a score in your favor. The main thing is not to make a mess of things from now on.
A couple of unobtrusive and double-meaning compliments are great. But not more than that. If she even for a second gets an idea that she caught you, she will immediately start building plans for the future and will ultimately realize that having sex immediately is not the best start for this round. By the way sex statistics indicates that the chance of continuing the relationship after a one night stand does not exceed 1%, in spite of how spectacular the experience was. Try to adjust to her manner of speaking - slang, typical words, exclamations, gestures and so on. Make sure she has some alcohol for further relaxation. And no smart conversations about Schopenhauer-Monet-Heidegger. You can mention Freud and even then strictly in sexual context. For more persuasiveness and hypnotic effect do not weaken the eye contact. Only eyes to eyes! Along with everything else, it will distract her from unnecessary thoughts about the surrounding world and other trifles. Tactile contacts and dancing are very beneficial. As soon as she answers affirmatively to the invitation to move to the nearby bar or dance club, your chances for sex are approaching 90%. However, if after visiting the next-door bar/dancing she suggests to move to another one, then most likely you can forget about sex.
The ideal place for a one night stand is a hotel. There are motels that actually specialize in renting out rooms to passionate lovers for just one, two, or three hours.
If due to the excitement you all of a sudden develop some physiological problems, you can forget about having sex that night. No one is going to wait or feel sorry for you. Extreme Kamasutra positions with an unfamiliar partner are not very promising and are potentially dangerous. Also you can forget about taking initiative! Unless you are OK with missing out on a chance to learn a lot of new things about how other people do it. Getting your permanent partner to experiment can be quite problematical. And girls usually agree to have a one night stand so that they could implement into life their secret sexual fantasies.
As far as the risk of catching an STD, we don't think there should be any special explanations... Although if a girl is not opposed to not using a condom, be extremely careful. She could have been not opposed the previous time too. And you can catch some filthy disease easily even while having oral sex.
Yes, a one night stand is a one-time sex experience, the participants of which part with each other as easy as they met. But do not rely on the girl to share the same rules of this game. You wake up and she is already gone, just crumpled sheets and a light smell of her perfume is the evidence that you didn't just dream about last night. Pardon, but that is just Hollywood. Reality is way more mundane. So just remember a few rules. You really don't need to know her name. Honey, babe, sugar, something appropriate and with her permission will do the job. And she doesn't need to know your name either, let alone your last name. So do not go through her purse when she went into the bathroom. The less you know, the better you sleep at night. And make sure your documents are in some inaccessible to strangers place. Do not forget about the proverb: "The early bird gets the worm" (especially if you ended up on her territory). In ideal case scenario, you should get up before she does. Above all to avoid stupid questions like: "How was last night?", "Would you like a cup of coffee?", and "Would you like to meet up tonight?" If she actually woke up while you were trying to escape, the stupidest thing you can say is: "Let's remain friends". What friends are you talking about? You were strangers before and you will remain such. Do not exchange phone numbers to avoid the temptation.
So this give you an idea about what a one night stand is and what rules you should follow to make it a pleasant experience for both of you. Go ahead and try this out, I bet you will not be disappointed!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreplay
> Meet here lots of Local Single Women in your near me local area for best get laid and one night stand. find here girls for Sex Near Me and seeking for dating - single Girls Looking For near me men for Fuck Tonight
>
> meet me tonight :: https://adultfriendfinder.com/go/g1444492
In essence, a one night stand or sex for just one night is a dream of many people on vacation and of not completely sexually satisfied megapolis residents. In other words those who have a zero chance of meeting the accomplice of the night-time adventure the next day at the grocery store you usually shop at. Talks about how only men dream about sex per se, and women dream strictly about laundry and diapers are a complete nonsense. Girls too sometimes want simple animal joy of sex without unnecessary conversations and subsequent meetings. If you are ready for sexual heroic deeds of such nature take note of the following advice.
So where would you look for a girl? Obviously not on the street, not on the subway, and not at a corporate party of the company you work for. In general any entertaining relaxing establishment like a bar or dance club will work. You are already there? Well, then look for a target. A single one of course. And an ideal one. For example, women with low self-esteem. Surprisingly enough, it is probably the best looking of all girls. So beautiful that men are too scared to approach her fearing she will turn them down. So do not follow their example. A very promising category is the category of the rejected and hurt girls. Her husband cheated on her, her lover dumped her, in other words the girl must pay back and self-satisfy herself in sex. So go ahead and try to demonstrate the maximum confidence in yourself and the results of the approaching night. Pay attention to girls who act confident about their appearance. The main indicator is the way they dress. Tight, bright, and short - this is the type to avoid. Unfortunately, sometimes there are also girls that dream to find their prince charming in the pub and get engaged with him right away. So if she starts talking about vacations together and the perfect curtain colors, remember of something very important that unexpectedly came up and retreat. One more category is the girls that fall too fast into your embrace - all they want is just have fun at your expense. Unfortunately, it's pretty hard to identify them. Therefore just treat such blunders philosophically and don't get hung up on it.
According to the international survey carried out in the USA and a number of developed European countries (the participants were 500 women and 300 men) 2/3 of women have had a one night stand at least once in their life. The majority was not too impressed with the results of such sexual experiments. Men had different statistics. More than half of those who participated in such sex activity claimed that it was way more fascinating than with a regular partner. For most women one night stand happened only once or twice in their life. Only 30% practice such relationship once or twice a month, 5% - once a month, and only 1% - regularly every weekend. However, the majority of women polled (64%) consider it quite an acceptable form of sexual interaction, and 17% presume that it would be more pleasurable than with a regular partner. For a lot of people though, the next day is the day of disappointment. 14% call all sex experiments unsuccessful, and 62% call unsuccessful the majority of such experiments. 40% of men meanwhile claim that they are ready for such sexual heroic deeds at any time. And 49% of polled men assure that they never felt disappointed with the results of such interactions. Nonetheless, 28% of men have a quite low opinion of women who agree to have a one night stand. Women who feel the same way about men who have one night stands amount to 48%. And 29% of them claim they would change their opinion about their girlfriend to the worse if they found out she has had or is capable of having such sexual relationship.
Now that you found the woman, it is important that she finds you. The research reassures - girls make the decision whether a man is interesting (and consequently suitable for sex) in the first 30-90 seconds of communicating. If she hasn't lost her interest in you after that amount of time, consider it a score in your favor. The main thing is not to make a mess of things from now on.
A couple of unobtrusive and double-meaning compliments are great. But not more than that. If she even for a second gets an idea that she caught you, she will immediately start building plans for the future and will ultimately realize that having sex immediately is not the best start for this round. By the way sex statistics indicates that the chance of continuing the relationship after a one night stand does not exceed 1%, in spite of how spectacular the experience was. Try to adjust to her manner of speaking - slang, typical words, exclamations, gestures and so on. Make sure she has some alcohol for further relaxation. And no smart conversations about Schopenhauer-Monet-Heidegger. You can mention Freud and even then strictly in sexual context. For more persuasiveness and hypnotic effect do not weaken the eye contact. Only eyes to eyes! Along with everything else, it will distract her from unnecessary thoughts about the surrounding world and other trifles. Tactile contacts and dancing are very beneficial. As soon as she answers affirmatively to the invitation to move to the nearby bar or dance club, your chances for sex are approaching 90%. However, if after visiting the next-door bar/dancing she suggests to move to another one, then most likely you can forget about sex.
The ideal place for a one night stand is a hotel. There are motels that actually specialize in renting out rooms to passionate lovers for just one, two, or three hours.
If due to the excitement you all of a sudden develop some physiological problems, you can forget about having sex that night. No one is going to wait or feel sorry for you. Extreme Kamasutra positions with an unfamiliar partner are not very promising and are potentially dangerous. Also you can forget about taking initiative! Unless you are OK with missing out on a chance to learn a lot of new things about how other people do it. Getting your permanent partner to experiment can be quite problematical. And girls usually agree to have a one night stand so that they could implement into life their secret sexual fantasies.
As far as the risk of catching an STD, we don't think there should be any special explanations... Although if a girl is not opposed to not using a condom, be extremely careful. She could have been not opposed the previous time too. And you can catch some filthy disease easily even while having oral sex.
Yes, a one night stand is a one-time sex experience, the participants of which part with each other as easy as they met. But do not rely on the girl to share the same rules of this game. You wake up and she is already gone, just crumpled sheets and a light smell of her perfume is the evidence that you didn't just dream about last night. Pardon, but that is just Hollywood. Reality is way more mundane. So just remember a few rules. You really don't need to know her name. Honey, babe, sugar, something appropriate and with her permission will do the job. And she doesn't need to know your name either, let alone your last name. So do not go through her purse when she went into the bathroom. The less you know, the better you sleep at night. And make sure your documents are in some inaccessible to strangers place. Do not forget about the proverb: "The early bird gets the worm" (especially if you ended up on her territory). In ideal case scenario, you should get up before she does. Above all to avoid stupid questions like: "How was last night?", "Would you like a cup of coffee?", and "Would you like to meet up tonight?" If she actually woke up while you were trying to escape, the stupidest thing you can say is: "Let's remain friends". What friends are you talking about? You were strangers before and you will remain such. Do not exchange phone numbers to avoid the temptation.
So this give you an idea about what a one night stand is and what rules you should follow to make it a pleasant experience for both of you. Go ahead and try this out, I bet you will not be disappointed!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreplay
jessicaj...@gmail.com
Aug 12, 2018, 5:31:06 AM8/12/18
to
On Saturday, June 16, 2018 at 3:50:41 PM UTC+5:30, shopia...@gmail.com wrote:
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> meet me tonight :: https://adultfriendfinder.com/go/g1444492
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Sep 9, 2018, 4:31:54 AM9/9/18
to
On Saturday, June 16, 2018 at 3:50:41 PM UTC+5:30, shopia...@gmail.com wrote:
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ou want to be able to make your woman climax when you are performing oral on her. You want to make sure that it is an extremely enjoyable experience for the both of you. However, when it comes to doing oral on your girl, things don't go as well as planned. If you are a man who doesn't know how to give good oral sex, then you need some advice.
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Even though your girl says that she is enjoying herself, chances are she is lying just to make you feel good. A lot of the time, women will put their own sexual needs to the back burner to ensure that us men are pleased. You don't want that to be the case. You want to make sure that she is enjoying herself as well. It is time that you made this happen by learning the best way to give a girl oral sex.
jessicaj...@gmail.com
Sep 21, 2018, 8:11:28 AM9/21/18
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On Sunday, July 15, 2018 at 4:44:51 PM UTC+5:30, toryst...@gmail.com wrote:
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> In essence, a one night stand or sex for just one night is a dream of many people on vacation and of not completely sexually satisfied megapolis residents. In other words those who have a zero chance of meeting the accomplice of the night-time adventure the next day at the grocery store you usually shop at. Talks about how only men dream about sex per se, and women dream strictly about laundry and diapers are a complete nonsense. Girls too sometimes want simple animal joy of sex without unnecessary conversations and subsequent meetings. If you are ready for sexual heroic deeds of such nature take note of the following advice.
>
> So where would you look for a girl? Obviously not on the street, not on the subway, and not at a corporate party of the company you work for. In general any entertaining relaxing establishment like a bar or dance club will work. You are already there? Well, then look for a target. A single one of course. And an ideal one. For example, women with low self-esteem. Surprisingly enough, it is probably the best looking of all girls. So beautiful that men are too scared to approach her fearing she will turn them down. So do not follow their example. A very promising category is the category of the rejected and hurt girls. Her husband cheated on her, her lover dumped her, in other words the girl must pay back and self-satisfy herself in sex. So go ahead and try to demonstrate the maximum confidence in yourself and the results of the approaching night. Pay attention to girls who act confident about their appearance. The main indicator is the way they dress. Tight, bright, and short - this is the type to avoid. Unfortunately, sometimes there are also girls that dream to find their prince charming in the pub and get engaged with him right away. So if she starts talking about vacations together and the perfect curtain colors, remember of something very important that unexpectedly came up and retreat. One more category is the girls that fall too fast into your embrace - all they want is just have fun at your expense. Unfortunately, it's pretty hard to identify them. Therefore just treat such blunders philosophically and don't get hung up on it.
>
> According to the international survey carried out in the USA and a number of developed European countries (the participants were 500 women and 300 men) 2/3 of women have had a one night stand at least once in their life. The majority was not too impressed with the results of such sexual experiments. Men had different statistics. More than half of those who participated in such sex activity claimed that it was way more fascinating than with a regular partner. For most women one night stand happened only once or twice in their life. Only 30% practice such relationship once or twice a month, 5% - once a month, and only 1% - regularly every weekend. However, the majority of women polled (64%) consider it quite an acceptable form of sexual interaction, and 17% presume that it would be more pleasurable than with a regular partner. For a lot of people though, the next day is the day of disappointment. 14% call all sex experiments unsuccessful, and 62% call unsuccessful the majority of such experiments. 40% of men meanwhile claim that they are ready for such sexual heroic deeds at any time. And 49% of polled men assure that they never felt disappointed with the results of such interactions. Nonetheless, 28% of men have a quite low opinion of women who agree to have a one night stand. Women who feel the same way about men who have one night stands amount to 48%. And 29% of them claim they would change their opinion about their girlfriend to the worse if they found out she has had or is capable of having such sexual relationship.
>
> Now that you found the woman, it is important that she finds you. The research reassures - girls make the decision whether a man is interesting (and consequently suitable for sex) in the first 30-90 seconds of communicating. If she hasn't lost her interest in you after that amount of time, consider it a score in your favor. The main thing is not to make a mess of things from now on.
>
> A couple of unobtrusive and double-meaning compliments are great. But not more than that. If she even for a second gets an idea that she caught you, she will immediately start building plans for the future and will ultimately realize that having sex immediately is not the best start for this round. By the way sex statistics indicates that the chance of continuing the relationship after a one night stand does not exceed 1%, in spite of how spectacular the experience was. Try to adjust to her manner of speaking - slang, typical words, exclamations, gestures and so on. Make sure she has some alcohol for further relaxation. And no smart conversations about Schopenhauer-Monet-Heidegger. You can mention Freud and even then strictly in sexual context. For more persuasiveness and hypnotic effect do not weaken the eye contact. Only eyes to eyes! Along with everything else, it will distract her from unnecessary thoughts about the surrounding world and other trifles. Tactile contacts and dancing are very beneficial. As soon as she answers affirmatively to the invitation to move to the nearby bar or dance club, your chances for sex are approaching 90%. However, if after visiting the next-door bar/dancing she suggests to move to another one, then most likely you can forget about sex.
>
> The ideal place for a one night stand is a hotel. There are motels that actually specialize in renting out rooms to passionate lovers for just one, two, or three hours.
>
> If due to the excitement you all of a sudden develop some physiological problems, you can forget about having sex that night. No one is going to wait or feel sorry for you. Extreme Kamasutra positions with an unfamiliar partner are not very promising and are potentially dangerous. Also you can forget about taking initiative! Unless you are OK with missing out on a chance to learn a lot of new things about how other people do it. Getting your permanent partner to experiment can be quite problematical. And girls usually agree to have a one night stand so that they could implement into life their secret sexual fantasies.
>
> As far as the risk of catching an STD, we don't think there should be any special explanations... Although if a girl is not opposed to not using a condom, be extremely careful. She could have been not opposed the previous time too. And you can catch some filthy disease easily even while having oral sex.
>
> Yes, a one night stand is a one-time sex experience, the participants of which part with each other as easy as they met. But do not rely on the girl to share the same rules of this game. You wake up and she is already gone, just crumpled sheets and a light smell of her perfume is the evidence that you didn't just dream about last night. Pardon, but that is just Hollywood. Reality is way more mundane. So just remember a few rules. You really don't need to know her name. Honey, babe, sugar, something appropriate and with her permission will do the job. And she doesn't need to know your name either, let alone your last name. So do not go through her purse when she went into the bathroom. The less you know, the better you sleep at night. And make sure your documents are in some inaccessible to strangers place. Do not forget about the proverb: "The early bird gets the worm" (especially if you ended up on her territory). In ideal case scenario, you should get up before she does. Above all to avoid stupid questions like: "How was last night?", "Would you like a cup of coffee?", and "Would you like to meet up tonight?" If she actually woke up while you were trying to escape, the stupidest thing you can say is: "Let's remain friends". What friends are you talking about? You were strangers before and you will remain such. Do not exchange phone numbers to avoid the temptation.
>
> So this give you an idea about what a one night stand is and what rules you should follow to make it a pleasant experience for both of you. Go ahead and try this out, I bet you will not be disappointed!
>
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreplay
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> On Saturday, June 16, 2018 at 3:50:41 PM UTC+5:30, shopia...@gmail.com wrote:
> > Meet here lots of Local Single Women in your near me local area for best get laid and one night stand. find here girls for Sex Near Me and seeking for dating - single Girls Looking For near me men for Fuck Tonight
> >
> > meet me tonight :: https://adultfriendfinder.com/go/g1444492
>
> In essence, a one night stand or sex for just one night is a dream of many people on vacation and of not completely sexually satisfied megapolis residents. In other words those who have a zero chance of meeting the accomplice of the night-time adventure the next day at the grocery store you usually shop at. Talks about how only men dream about sex per se, and women dream strictly about laundry and diapers are a complete nonsense. Girls too sometimes want simple animal joy of sex without unnecessary conversations and subsequent meetings. If you are ready for sexual heroic deeds of such nature take note of the following advice.
>
> So where would you look for a girl? Obviously not on the street, not on the subway, and not at a corporate party of the company you work for. In general any entertaining relaxing establishment like a bar or dance club will work. You are already there? Well, then look for a target. A single one of course. And an ideal one. For example, women with low self-esteem. Surprisingly enough, it is probably the best looking of all girls. So beautiful that men are too scared to approach her fearing she will turn them down. So do not follow their example. A very promising category is the category of the rejected and hurt girls. Her husband cheated on her, her lover dumped her, in other words the girl must pay back and self-satisfy herself in sex. So go ahead and try to demonstrate the maximum confidence in yourself and the results of the approaching night. Pay attention to girls who act confident about their appearance. The main indicator is the way they dress. Tight, bright, and short - this is the type to avoid. Unfortunately, sometimes there are also girls that dream to find their prince charming in the pub and get engaged with him right away. So if she starts talking about vacations together and the perfect curtain colors, remember of something very important that unexpectedly came up and retreat. One more category is the girls that fall too fast into your embrace - all they want is just have fun at your expense. Unfortunately, it's pretty hard to identify them. Therefore just treat such blunders philosophically and don't get hung up on it.
>
> According to the international survey carried out in the USA and a number of developed European countries (the participants were 500 women and 300 men) 2/3 of women have had a one night stand at least once in their life. The majority was not too impressed with the results of such sexual experiments. Men had different statistics. More than half of those who participated in such sex activity claimed that it was way more fascinating than with a regular partner. For most women one night stand happened only once or twice in their life. Only 30% practice such relationship once or twice a month, 5% - once a month, and only 1% - regularly every weekend. However, the majority of women polled (64%) consider it quite an acceptable form of sexual interaction, and 17% presume that it would be more pleasurable than with a regular partner. For a lot of people though, the next day is the day of disappointment. 14% call all sex experiments unsuccessful, and 62% call unsuccessful the majority of such experiments. 40% of men meanwhile claim that they are ready for such sexual heroic deeds at any time. And 49% of polled men assure that they never felt disappointed with the results of such interactions. Nonetheless, 28% of men have a quite low opinion of women who agree to have a one night stand. Women who feel the same way about men who have one night stands amount to 48%. And 29% of them claim they would change their opinion about their girlfriend to the worse if they found out she has had or is capable of having such sexual relationship.
>
> Now that you found the woman, it is important that she finds you. The research reassures - girls make the decision whether a man is interesting (and consequently suitable for sex) in the first 30-90 seconds of communicating. If she hasn't lost her interest in you after that amount of time, consider it a score in your favor. The main thing is not to make a mess of things from now on.
>
> A couple of unobtrusive and double-meaning compliments are great. But not more than that. If she even for a second gets an idea that she caught you, she will immediately start building plans for the future and will ultimately realize that having sex immediately is not the best start for this round. By the way sex statistics indicates that the chance of continuing the relationship after a one night stand does not exceed 1%, in spite of how spectacular the experience was. Try to adjust to her manner of speaking - slang, typical words, exclamations, gestures and so on. Make sure she has some alcohol for further relaxation. And no smart conversations about Schopenhauer-Monet-Heidegger. You can mention Freud and even then strictly in sexual context. For more persuasiveness and hypnotic effect do not weaken the eye contact. Only eyes to eyes! Along with everything else, it will distract her from unnecessary thoughts about the surrounding world and other trifles. Tactile contacts and dancing are very beneficial. As soon as she answers affirmatively to the invitation to move to the nearby bar or dance club, your chances for sex are approaching 90%. However, if after visiting the next-door bar/dancing she suggests to move to another one, then most likely you can forget about sex.
>
> The ideal place for a one night stand is a hotel. There are motels that actually specialize in renting out rooms to passionate lovers for just one, two, or three hours.
>
> If due to the excitement you all of a sudden develop some physiological problems, you can forget about having sex that night. No one is going to wait or feel sorry for you. Extreme Kamasutra positions with an unfamiliar partner are not very promising and are potentially dangerous. Also you can forget about taking initiative! Unless you are OK with missing out on a chance to learn a lot of new things about how other people do it. Getting your permanent partner to experiment can be quite problematical. And girls usually agree to have a one night stand so that they could implement into life their secret sexual fantasies.
>
> As far as the risk of catching an STD, we don't think there should be any special explanations... Although if a girl is not opposed to not using a condom, be extremely careful. She could have been not opposed the previous time too. And you can catch some filthy disease easily even while having oral sex.
>
> Yes, a one night stand is a one-time sex experience, the participants of which part with each other as easy as they met. But do not rely on the girl to share the same rules of this game. You wake up and she is already gone, just crumpled sheets and a light smell of her perfume is the evidence that you didn't just dream about last night. Pardon, but that is just Hollywood. Reality is way more mundane. So just remember a few rules. You really don't need to know her name. Honey, babe, sugar, something appropriate and with her permission will do the job. And she doesn't need to know your name either, let alone your last name. So do not go through her purse when she went into the bathroom. The less you know, the better you sleep at night. And make sure your documents are in some inaccessible to strangers place. Do not forget about the proverb: "The early bird gets the worm" (especially if you ended up on her territory). In ideal case scenario, you should get up before she does. Above all to avoid stupid questions like: "How was last night?", "Would you like a cup of coffee?", and "Would you like to meet up tonight?" If she actually woke up while you were trying to escape, the stupidest thing you can say is: "Let's remain friends". What friends are you talking about? You were strangers before and you will remain such. Do not exchange phone numbers to avoid the temptation.
>
> So this give you an idea about what a one night stand is and what rules you should follow to make it a pleasant experience for both of you. Go ahead and try this out, I bet you will not be disappointed!
>
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreplay
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Spamming
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
This article is about unsolicited or undesirable electronic messages. For information specific to email, see Email spam. For other uses, see Spam (disambiguation).
An email inbox containing a large amount of spam messages
Spamming is the use of messaging systems to send an unsolicited message (spam) to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial advertising, for the purpose of non-commercial proselytizing, or for any prohibited purpose (especially the fraudulent purpose of phishing). While the most widely recognized form of spam is email spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classified ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social spam, spam mobile apps,[1] television advertising and file sharing spam. It is named after Spam, a luncheon meat, by way of a Monty Python sketch about a restaurant that has Spam in almost every dish and where vikings annoyingly sing "Spam" over and over again.[2]
Spamming remains economically viable because advertisers have no operating costs beyond the management of their mailing lists, servers, infrastructures, IP ranges, and domain names, and it is difficult to hold senders accountable for their mass mailings. The costs, such as lost productivity and fraud, are borne by the public and by Internet service providers, which have added extra capacity to cope with the volume. Spamming has been the subject of legislation in many jurisdictions.[3]
A person who creates spam is called a spammer.[4]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Pre-Internet
2.2 History
3 In different media
3.1 Email
3.2 Instant messaging
3.3 Newsgroup and forum
3.4 Mobile phone
3.5 Social networking spam
3.6 Social spam
3.7 Blog, wiki, and guestbook
3.8 Spam targeting video sharing sites
3.9 VoIP Spam
3.10 Academic search
3.11 Mobile apps
4 Noncommercial forms
5 Geographical origins
6 Trademark issues
7 Cost–benefit analyses
7.1 General costs
8 In crime
9 Political issues
10 Court cases
10.1 United States
10.2 United Kingdom
10.3 New Zealand
10.4 Bulgaria
11 Newsgroups
12 See also
13 References
13.1 Citations
13.2 Sources
14 Further reading
15 External links
Etymology
Menu from Monty Python’s "Spam" sketch, from where the term is derived. Spam is included in almost every dish to the consternation of a customer.
The term spam is derived from the 1970 "Spam" sketch of the BBC television comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus.[5][6] The sketch, set in a cafe, has a waitress reading out a menu where every item but one includes Spam canned luncheon meat. As the waitress recites the Spam-filled menu, a chorus of Viking patrons drown out all conversations with a song, repeating "Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam… Lovely Spam! Wonderful Spam!".[7] The excessive amount of Spam mentioned is a reference to the ubiquity of it and other imported canned meat products in the UK after World War II (a period of rationing in the UK) as the country struggled to rebuild its agricultural base.[citation needed]
In the 1980s the term was adopted to describe certain abusive users who frequented BBSs and MUDs, who would repeat "Spam" a huge number of times to scroll other users' text off the screen.[8] In early chat-room services like PeopleLink and the early days of Online America (later known as America Online or AOL), they actually flooded the screen with quotes from the Monty Python Spam sketch.[citation needed] This was used as a tactic by insiders of a group that wanted to drive newcomers out of the room so the usual conversation could continue. It was also used to prevent members of rival groups from chatting—for instance, Star Wars fans often invaded Star Trek chat rooms, filling the space with blocks of text until the Star Trek fans left.[9]
It later came to be used on Usenet to mean excessive multiple posting—the repeated posting of the same message. The unwanted message would appear in many, if not all newsgroups, just as Spam appeared in all the menu items in the Monty Python sketch. The first usage of this sense was by Joel Furr[10][11] This use had also become established—to "spam" Usenet was to flood newsgroups with junk messages. The word was also attributed to the flood of "Make Money Fast" messages that clogged many newsgroups during the 1990s.[citation needed] In 1998, the New Oxford Dictionary of English, which had previously only defined "spam" in relation to the trademarked food product, added a second definition to its entry for "spam": "Irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of newsgroups or users."
There was also an effort to differentiate between types of newsgroup spam. Messages that were crossposted to too many newsgroups at once, as opposed to those that were posted too frequently, were called "velveeta" (after a cheese product), but this term did not persist.[12]
History
Pre-Internet
In the late 19th century, Western Union allowed telegraphic messages on its network to be sent to multiple destinations. The first recorded instance of a mass unsolicited commercial telegram is from May 1864, when some British politicians received an unsolicited telegram advertising a dentist.[13]
History
The earliest documented spam (although the term had not yet been coined[14]) was a message advertising the availability of a new model of Digital Equipment Corporation computers sent by Gary Thuerk to 393 recipients on ARPANET on May 3, 1978.[10] Rather than send a separate message to each person, which was the standard practice at the time, he had an assistant, Carl Gartley, write a single mass email. Reaction from the net community was fiercely negative, but the spam did generate some sales.[15][16]
Spamming had been practiced as a prank by participants in multi-user dungeon games, to fill their rivals' accounts with unwanted electronic junk.[16]
The first major commercial spam incident started on March 5, 1994, when a husband and wife team of lawyers, Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel, began using bulk Usenet posting to advertise immigration law services. The incident was commonly termed the "Green Card spam", after the subject line of the postings. Defiant in the face of widespread condemnation, the attorneys claimed their detractors were hypocrites or "zealouts", claimed they had a free speech right to send unwanted commercial messages, and labeled their opponents "anti-commerce radicals". The couple wrote a controversial book entitled How to Make a Fortune on the Information Superhighway.[16]
An early example of nonprofit fundraising bulk posting via Usenet also occurred in 1994 on behalf of CitiHope, an NGO attempting to raise funds to rescue children at risk during the Bosnian War. However, as it was a violation of their terms of service, the ISP Panix deleted all of the bulk posts from Usenet, only missing three copies[citation needed].
Within a few years, the focus of spamming (and anti-spam efforts) moved chiefly to email, where it remains today.[8] By 1999, Khan C. Smith, a well known hacker at the time, had begun to commercialize the bulk email industry and rallied thousands into the business by building more friendly bulk email software and providing internet access illegally hacked from major ISPs such as Earthlink and Botnets.[17]
By 2009 the majority of spam sent around the World was in the English language; spammers began using automatic translation services to send spam in other languages.[18]
In different media
Email
Main article: Email spam
Email spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email (UBE), or junk mail, is the practice of sending unwanted email messages, frequently with commercial content, in large quantities. Spam in email started to become a problem when the Internet was opened for commercial use in the mid-1990s. It grew exponentially over the following years, and by 2007 it constituted about 80% to 85% of all e-mail, by a conservative estimate.[19] Pressure to make email spam illegal has resulted in legislation in some jurisdictions, but less so in others. The efforts taken by governing bodies, security systems and email service providers seem to be helping to reduce the volume of email spam. According to "2014 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 19" published by Symantec Corporation, spam volume dropped to 66% of all email traffic.[20]
An industry of email address harvesting is dedicated to collecting email addresses and selling compiled databases.[21] Some of these address-harvesting approaches rely on users not reading the fine print of agreements, resulting in their agreeing to send messages indiscriminately to their contacts. This is a common approach in social networking spam such as that generated by the social networking site Quechup.[22]
Instant messaging
Main article: Messaging spam
Instant messaging spam makes use of instant messaging systems. Although less prevalent than its e-mail counterpart, according to a report from Ferris Research, 500 million spam IMs were sent in 2003, twice the level of 2002.[23]
Newsgroup and forum
Main article: Newsgroup spam
Newsgroup spam is a type of spam where the targets are Usenet newsgroups. Spamming of Usenet newsgroups actually pre-dates e-mail spam. Usenet convention defines spamming as excessive multiple posting, that is, the repeated posting of a message (or substantially similar messages). The prevalence of Usenet spam led to the development of the Breidbart Index as an objective measure of a message's "spamminess".
Main article: Forum spam
Forum spam is the creation of advertising messages on Internet forums. It is generally done by automated spambots. Most forum spam consists of links to external sites, with the dual goals of increasing search engine visibility in highly competitive areas such as weight loss, pharmaceuticals, gambling, pornography, real estate or loans, and generating more traffic for these commercial websites. Some of these links contain code to track the spambot's identity; if a sale goes through, the spammer behind the spambot earns a commission.
Mobile phone
Main article: Mobile phone spam
Mobile phone spam is directed at the text messaging service of a mobile phone. This can be especially irritating to customers not only for the inconvenience, but also because of the fee they may be charged per text message received in some markets. To comply with CAN-SPAM regulations in the US, SMS messages now must provide options of HELP and STOP, the latter to end communication with the advertiser via SMS altogether.
Despite the high number of phone users, there has not been so much phone spam, because there is a charge for sending SMS. Recently, there are also observations of mobile phone spam delivered via browser push notifications. These can be a result of allowing websites which are malicious or delivering malicious ads to send a user notifications.[24]
Social networking spam
Main article: Social networking spam
Facebook and Twitter are not immune to messages containing spam links. Spammers hack into accounts and send false links under the guise of a user's trusted contacts such as friends and family.[25] As for Twitter, spammers gain credibility by following verified accounts such as that of Lady Gaga; when that account owner follows the spammer back, it legitimizes the spammer.[26] Twitter has studied what interest structures allow their users to receive interesting tweets and avoid spam, despite the site using the broadcast model, in which all tweets from a user are broadcast to all followers of the user.[27] Spammers, out of malicious intent, post either unwanted (or irrelevant) information or spread misinformation on social media platforms.[28]
Social spam
Spreading beyond the centrally managed social networking platforms, user-generated content increasingly appears on business, government, and nonprofit websites worldwide. Fake accounts and comments planted by computers programmed to issue social spam can infiltrate these websites.[29]
Blog, wiki, and guestbook
Main article: Spam in blogs
Blog spam is spamming on weblogs. In 2003, this type of spam took advantage of the open nature of comments in the blogging software Movable Type by repeatedly placing comments to various blog posts that provided nothing more than a link to the spammer's commercial web site.[30] Similar attacks are often performed against wikis and guestbooks, both of which accept user contributions. Another possible form of spam in blogs is the spamming of a certain tag on websites such as Tumblr.
Spam targeting video sharing sites
Screenshot from a spam video on YouTube claiming that the film in question has been deleted from the site, and can only be accessed on the link posted by the spambot in the video description (if the video were actually removed by YouTube, the description would be inaccessible and the deletion notification would look different).
In actual video spam, the uploaded movie is given a name and description with a popular figure or event that is likely to draw attention, or within the video a certain image is timed to come up as the video's thumbnail image to mislead the viewer, such as a still image from a feature film, purporting to be a part-by-part piece of a movie being pirated, e.g. Big Buck Bunny Full Movie Online - Part 1/10 HD, a link to a supposed keygen, trainer, ISO file for a video game, or something similar. The actual content of the video ends up being totally unrelated, a Rickroll, offensive, or simply on-screen text of a link to the site being promoted.[31] In some cases, the link in question may lead to an online survey site, a password-protected archive file with instructions leading to the aforementioned survey (though the survey, and the archive file itself, is worthless and doesn't contain the file in question at all), or in extreme cases, malware.[32] Others may upload videos presented in an infomercial-like format selling their product which feature actors and paid testimonials, though the promoted product or service is of dubious quality and would likely not pass the scrutiny of a standards and practices department at a television station or cable network.
VoIP Spam
Main article: VoIP spam
VoIP spam is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) spam, usually using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). This is nearly identical to telemarketing calls over traditional phone lines. When the user chooses to receive the spam call, a pre-recorded spam message or advertisement is usually played back. This is generally easier for the spammer as VoIP services are cheap and easy to anonymize over the Internet, and there are many options for sending mass number of calls from a single location. Accounts or IP addresses being used for VoIP spam can usually be identified by a large number of outgoing calls, low call completion and short call length.
Academic search
Academic search engines enable researchers to find academic literature and are used to obtain citation data for calculating performance metrics such as the H-index and impact factor. Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and OvGU demonstrated that most (web-based) academic search engines, especially Google Scholar are not capable of identifying spam attacks.[33] The researchers manipulated the citation counts of articles, and managed to make Google Scholar index complete fake articles, some containing advertising.[33]
Mobile apps
Spamming in mobile app stores include (i) apps that were automatically generated and as a result do not have any specific functionality or a meaningful description; (ii) multiple instances of the same app being published to obtain increased visibility in the app market; and (iii) apps that make excessive use of unrelated keywords to attract users through unintended searches.[34]
Noncommercial forms
E-mail and other forms of spamming have been used for purposes other than advertisements. Many early Usenet spams were religious or political. Serdar Argic, for instance, spammed Usenet with historical revisionist screeds. A number of evangelists have spammed Usenet and e-mail media with preaching messages. A growing number of criminals are also using spam to perpetrate various sorts of fraud.[35]
Geographical origins
In 2011 the origins of spam were analyzed by Cisco Systems. They provided a report that shows spam volume originating from countries worldwide.[36]
Rank Country Spam
volume(%)
1 India 13.7
2 Russia 9.0
3 Vietnam 7.9
4
(tie) South Korea 6.0
Indonesia 6.0
6 China 4.7
7 Brazil 4.5
8 United States 3.2
Trademark issues
Hormel Foods Corporation, the maker of SPAM luncheon meat, does not object to the Internet use of the term "spamming". However, they did ask that the capitalized word "Spam" be reserved to refer to their product and trademark.[37] By and large, this request is obeyed in forums that discuss spam.
Cost–benefit analyses
The European Union's Internal Market Commission estimated in 2001 that "junk email" cost Internet users €10 billion per year worldwide.[38] The California legislature found that spam cost United States organizations alone more than $13 billion in 2007, including lost productivity and the additional equipment, software, and manpower needed to combat the problem.[39] Spam's direct effects include the consumption of computer and network resources, and the cost in human time and attention of dismissing unwanted messages.[40] Large companies who are frequent spam targets utilize numerous techniques to detect and prevent spam.[41]
The cost to providers of search engines is significant: "The secondary consequence of spamming is that search engine indexes are inundated with useless pages, increasing the cost of each processed query".[4] The costs of spam also include the collateral costs of the struggle between spammers and the administrators and users of the media threatened by spamming.[42]
Email spam exemplifies a tragedy of the commons: spammers use resources (both physical and human), without bearing the entire cost of those resources. In fact, spammers commonly do not bear the cost at all. This raises the costs for everyone.[43] In some ways spam is even a potential threat to the entire email system, as operated in the past. Since email is so cheap to send, a tiny number of spammers can saturate the Internet with junk mail. Although only a tiny percentage of their targets are motivated to purchase their products (or fall victim to their scams), the low cost may provide a sufficient conversion rate to keep the spamming alive. Furthermore, even though spam appears not to be economically viable as a way for a reputable company to do business, it suffices for professional spammers to convince a tiny proportion of gullible advertisers that it is viable for those spammers to stay in business. Finally, new spammers go into business every day, and the low costs allow a single spammer to do a lot of harm before finally realizing that the business is not profitable[citation needed].
Some companies and groups "rank" spammers; spammers who make the news are sometimes referred to by these rankings.[44][45]
General costs
In all cases listed above, including both commercial and non-commercial, "spam happens" because of a positive cost-benefit analysis result; if the cost to recipients is excluded as an externality the spammer can avoid paying.
Cost is the combination of
Overhead: The costs and overhead of electronic spamming include bandwidth, developing or acquiring an email/wiki/blog spam tool, taking over or acquiring a host/zombie, etc.
Transaction cost: The incremental cost of contacting each additional recipient once a method of spamming is constructed, multiplied by the number of recipients (see CAPTCHA as a method of increasing transaction costs).
Risks: Chance and severity of legal and/or public reactions, including damages and punitive damages.
Damage: Impact on the community and/or communication channels being spammed (see Newsgroup spam).
Benefit is the total expected profit from spam, which may include any combination of the commercial and non-commercial reasons listed above. It is normally linear, based on the incremental benefit of reaching each additional spam recipient, combined with the conversion rate. The conversion rate for botnet-generated spam has recently been measured to be around one in 12,000,000 for pharmaceutical spam and one in 200,000 for infection sites as used by the Storm botnet.[46] The authors of the study calculating those conversion rates noted, "After 26 days, and almost 350 million e-mail messages, only 28 sales resulted."
In crime
Spam can be used to spread computer viruses, trojan horses or other malicious software. The objective may be identity theft, or worse (e.g., advance fee fraud). Some spam attempts to capitalize on human greed, while some attempts to take advantage of the victims' inexperience with computer technology to trick them (e.g., phishing).
One of the world's most prolific spammers, Robert Alan Soloway, was arrested by US authorities on May 31, 2007.[47] Described as one of the top ten spammers in the world, Soloway was charged with 35 criminal counts, including mail fraud, wire fraud, e-mail fraud, aggravated identity theft, and money laundering.[47] Prosecutors allege that Soloway used millions of "zombie" computers to distribute spam during 2003.[48] This is the first case in which US prosecutors used identity theft laws to prosecute a spammer for taking over someone else's Internet domain name.[49]
In an attempt to assess potential legal and technical strategies for stopping illegal spam, a study cataloged three months of online spam data and researched website naming and hosting infrastructures. The study concluded that: 1) half of all spam programs have their domains and servers distributed over just eight percent or fewer of the total available hosting registrars and autonomous systems, with 80 percent of spam programs overall being distributed over just 20 percent of all registrars and autonomous systems; 2) of the 76 purchases for which the researchers received transaction information, there were only 13 distinct banks acting as credit card acquirers and only three banks provided the payment servicing for 95 percent of the spam-advertised goods in the study; and, 3) a "financial blacklist" of banking entities that do business with spammers would dramatically reduce monetization of unwanted e-mails. Moreover, this blacklist could be updated far more rapidly than spammers could acquire new banking resources, an asymmetry favoring anti-spam efforts.[50]
Political issues
An ongoing concern expressed by parties such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the American Civil Liberties Union has to do with so-called "stealth blocking", a term for ISPs employing aggressive spam blocking without their users' knowledge. These groups' concern is that ISPs or technicians seeking to reduce spam-related costs may select tools that (either through error or design) also block non-spam e-mail from sites seen as "spam-friendly". Few object to the existence of these tools; it is their use in filtering the mail of users who are not informed of their use that draws fire.[51]
Even though it is possible in some jurisdictions to treat some spam as unlawful merely by applying existing laws against trespass and conversion, some laws specifically targeting spam have been proposed. In 2004, United States passed the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 that provided ISPs with tools to combat spam. This act allowed Yahoo! to successfully sue Eric Head who settled the lawsuit for several thousand U.S. dollars in June 2004. But the law is criticized by many for not being effective enough. Indeed, the law was supported by some spammers and organizations that support spamming, and opposed by many in the anti-spam community.[citation needed]
Court cases
See also: E-mail spam legislation by country
United States
Earthlink won a $25 million judgment against one of the most notorious and active "spammers" Khan C. Smith in 2001 for his role in founding the modern spam industry which dealt billions in economic damage and established thousands of spammers into the industry.[52] His email efforts were said to make up more than a third of all Internet email being sent from 1999 until 2002.
Sanford Wallace and Cyber Promotions were the target of a string of lawsuits, many of which were settled out of court, up through a 1998 Earthlink settlement[53] that put Cyber Promotions out of business. Attorney Laurence Canter was disbarred by the Tennessee Supreme Court in 1997 for sending prodigious amounts of spam advertising his immigration law practice. In 2005, Jason Smathers, a former America Online employee, pleaded guilty to charges of violating the CAN-SPAM Act. In 2003, he sold a list of approximately 93 million AOL subscriber e-mail addresses to Sean Dunaway who sold the list to spammers.[54][55]
In 2007, Robert Soloway lost a case in a federal court against the operator of a small Oklahoma-based Internet service provider who accused him of spamming. U.S. Judge Ralph G. Thompson granted a motion by plaintiff Robert Braver for a default judgment and permanent injunction against him. The judgment includes a statutory damages award of about $10 million under Oklahoma law.[56]
In June 2007, two men were convicted of eight counts stemming from sending millions of e-mail spam messages that included hardcore pornographic images. Jeffrey A. Kilbride, 41, of Venice, California was sentenced to six years in prison, and James R. Schaffer, 41, of Paradise Valley, Arizona, was sentenced to 63 months. In addition, the two were fined $100,000, ordered to pay $77,500 in restitution to AOL, and ordered to forfeit more than $1.1 million, the amount of illegal proceeds from their spamming operation.[57] The charges included conspiracy, fraud, money laundering, and transportation of obscene materials. The trial, which began on June 5, was the first to include charges under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, according to a release from the Department of Justice. The specific law that prosecutors used under the CAN-Spam Act was designed to crack down on the transmission of pornography in spam.[58]
In 2005, Scott J. Filary and Donald E. Townsend of Tampa, Florida were sued by Florida Attorney General Charlie Crist for violating the Florida Electronic Mail Communications Act.[59] The two spammers were required to pay $50,000 USD to cover the costs of investigation by the state of Florida, and a $1.1 million penalty if spamming were to continue, the $50,000 was not paid, or the financial statements provided were found to be inaccurate. The spamming operation was successfully shut down.[60]
Edna Fiedler, 44, of Olympia, Washington, on June 25, 2008, pleaded guilty in a Tacoma court and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment and 5 years of supervised release or probation in an Internet $1 million "Nigerian check scam." She conspired to commit bank, wire and mail fraud, against US citizens, specifically using Internet by having had an accomplice who shipped counterfeit checks and money orders to her from Lagos, Nigeria, the previous November. Fiedler shipped out $609,000 fake check and money orders when arrested and prepared to send additional $1.1 million counterfeit materials. Also, the U.S. Postal Service recently intercepted counterfeit checks, lottery tickets and eBay overpayment schemes with a value of $2.1 billion.[61][62]
In a 2009 opinion, Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc., 575 F.3d 1040, the Ninth Circuit assessed the standing requirements necessary for a private plaintiff to bring a civil cause of action against spam senders under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, as well as the scope of the CAN-SPAM Act's federal preemption clause.[63]
United Kingdom
In the first successful case of its kind, Nigel Roberts from the Channel Islands won £270 against Media Logistics UK who sent junk e-mails to his personal account.[64]
In January 2007, a Sheriff Court in Scotland awarded Mr. Gordon Dick £750 (the then maximum sum that could be awarded in a Small Claim action) plus expenses of £618.66, a total of £1368.66 against Transcom Internet Services Ltd.[65] for breaching anti-spam laws.[66] Transcom had been legally represented at earlier hearings, but were not represented at the proof, so Gordon Dick got his decree by default. It is the largest amount awarded in compensation in the United Kingdom since Roberts v Media Logistics case in 2005.
Despite the statutory tort that is created by the Regulations implementing the EC Directive, few other people have followed their example. As the Courts engage in active case management, such cases would probably now be expected to be settled by mediation and payment of nominal damages.
New Zealand
In October 2008, an international internet spam operation run from New Zealand was cited by American authorities as one of the world's largest, and for a time responsible for up to a third of all unwanted e-mails. In a statement the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) named Christchurch's Lance Atkinson as one of the principals of the operation. New Zealand's Internal Affairs announced it had lodged a $200,000 claim in the High Court against Atkinson and his brother Shane Atkinson and courier Roland Smits, after raids in Christchurch. This marked the first prosecution since the Unsolicited Electronic Messages Act (UEMA) was passed in September 2007. The FTC said it had received more than three million complaints about spam messages connected to this operation, and estimated that it may be responsible for sending billions of illegal spam messages. The US District Court froze the defendants’ assets to preserve them for consumer redress pending trial.[67] U.S. co-defendant Jody Smith forfeited more than $800,000 and faces up to five years in prison for charges to which he pleaded guilty.[68]
Bulgaria
While most countries either outlaw or at least ignore spam, Bulgaria is the first and until now[when?] only one[citation needed]to legalize it. According to the Bulgarian E-Commerce act[69] (Чл.5,6) anyone can send spam to mailboxes published as owned by a company or organization as long as there is a "clear and straight indication that the message is unsolicited commercial e-mail" ("да осигури ясното и недвусмислено разпознаване на търговското съобщение като непоискано") in the message body.
This made lawsuits against Bulgarian ISP's and public e-mail providers with antispam policy possible, as they are obstructing legal commerce activity and thus violate Bulgarian antitrust acts. While there are no such lawsuits until now, several cases of spam obstruction are currently awaiting decision in the Bulgarian Antitrust Commission (Комисия за защита на конкуренцията) and can end with serious fines for the ISPs in question.[when?][citation needed]
The law contains other dubious provisions — for example, the creation of a nationwide public electronic register of e-mail addresses that do not want to receive spam.[70] It is usually abused as the perfect source for e-mail address harvesting, because publishing invalid or incorrect information in such a register is a criminal offense in Bulgaria.
Newsgroups
news.admin.net-abuse.email
See also
icon Internet portal
Address munging (avoidance technique)
Advance-fee scam (Nigerian spam)
Anti-spam techniques
Identity theft – Deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain a financial advantage
Image spam
Confidence trick – Attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their confidence
Junk mail
List of spammers – Wikipedia list article
Malware
Network Abuse Clearinghouse
Phishing – Act of attempting to acquire sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy entity
Social spam – Unwanted spam content appearing on social networking services
Spam and Open Relay Blocking System (SORBS)
SpamCop
The Spamhaus Project
Spamigation
VoIP spam
Spoetry
Sporgery – Posting a flood of articles to a Usenet group, with falsified headers.
Suppression list
Voice phishing, also known as Vishing – Form of criminal phone fraud, using social engineering over the telephone system to gain access to private personal and financial information for the purpose of financial reward
History
Howard Carmack
Make Money Fast – Electronic chain letter
Sanford Wallace
Spam King
Usenet Death Penalty
References
Citations
"Developer Policy Center – Intellectual Property, Deception, and Spam". play.google.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
"Spam". Merriam-Webster Dictionary (definition & more). 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-07-05.
"The Definition of Spam". The Spamhaus Project. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Gyöngyi, Zoltan; Garcia-Molina, Hector (2005). "Web spam taxonomy" (PDF). Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web (AIRWeb), 2005 in The 14th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2005) May 10, (Tue) – 14 (Sat), 2005, Nippon Convention Center (Makuhari Messe), Chiba, Japan. New York, NY: ACM Press. ISBN 978-1-59593-046-0.
Monty Python (2009-01-13), Spam - Monty Python's The Flying Circus, retrieved 2017-01-11
"RFC 2635 - DON\x27T SPEW A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings and Postings (spam*)". Retrieved 2010-09-29.
"The Origin of the word 'Spam'". Retrieved 2010-09-20.
"Origin of the term "spam" to mean net abuse". Templetons.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Goldberg, Myshele. "The Origins of Spam". Retrieved 2014-07-15.
Thuerk, Gary; Furr, Joel, At 30, Spam Going Nowhere Soon (interviews), NPR.
Darren Waters (31 March 2008). "Spam blights e-mail 15 years on". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
"velveeta", The Jargon File (4.4.7 ed.), CatB.
"Getting the message, at last". The Economist. 2007-12-14.
Zeller, Tom (1 June 2003). "Ideas & Trends; Spamology". The New York Times.
"Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978". Templetons. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Abate, Tom (May 3, 2008). "A very unhappy birthday to spam, age 30". San Francisco Chronicle.
Conway, Andrew. "Twenty Years of Spam". Cloudmark. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
Danchev, Dancho. "Spammers go multilingual, use automatic translation services." ZDNet. July 28, 2009. Retrieved on August 31, 2009.
"Email Metrics Report" (PDF). MAAWG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-12-03.
"2014 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 19" (PDF). Symantec Corporation. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
"FileOn List Builder-Extract URL, MetaTags, Email, Phone, Fax from www-Optimized Webcrawler". List DNA. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Hansell, Saul (September 13, 2007), "Social network launches worldwide spam campaign", The New York Times.
Thomas Claburn (30 March 2004). "Spim, Like Spam, Is On The Rise". Retrieved 17 December 2018.
"Is this website allowed to send you notifications? NO! - caution is advised". lotsofways.de. 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
"Marketers need to build trust as spam hits social networks", Grace Bello, Direct Marketing News, June 1, 2012
Understanding and Combating Link Farming in the Twitter Social Network, Max Planck Centre for Computer Science
On the Precision of Social and Information Networks
Gupta, Arushi; Kaushal, Rishabh (2015). "Improving spam detection in Online Social Networks". 2015 International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Information Processing(CCIP). www.ieee.org. IEEE. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/CCIP.2015.7100738. ISBN 978-1-4799-7171-8. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Dan Tynan (3 April 2012). "Social spam is taking over the Internet". ITworld.
The (Evil) Genius of Comment Spammers - Wired Magazine, March 2004
Fabrício Benevenuto, Tiago Rodrigues, Virgílio Almeida, Jussara Almeida and Marcos Gonçalves. Detecting Spammers and Content Promoters in Online Video Social Networks. In ACM SIGIR Conference, Boston, MA, USA, July 2009.
"Toy Story 3 movie scam warning". Web User magazine. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
Joeran Beel and Bela Gipp. Academic search engine spam and google scholar’s resilience against it. Journal of Electronic Publishing, 13(3), December 2010. PDF
Seneviratne, Suranga (Apr 2017). "Spam Mobile Apps: Characteristics, Detection, and in the Wild Analysis". ACM Transactions on the Web. 11 (1).
See: Advance fee fraud
Cisco 2011 Annual Security Report (PDF)
"Hormel Foods Corp. v. Jim Henson Prods". Harvard University. 73 F.3d 497 (2d Cir. 1996). Retrieved 2015-02-12.
"Data protection: "Junk" email costs internet users 10 billion a year worldwide – Commission study". Europa. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"California business and professions code". Spamlaws. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Spam Cost Calculator: Calculate enterprise spam cost?". Commtouch. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Ghosemajumder, Shuman (18 March 2008). "Using data to help prevent fraud". Google Blog. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Thank the Spammers - William R. James 2003-03-10
Rao, Justin M.; Reiley, David H. (2012), "Economics of Spam", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26 (3): 87–110, doi:10.1257/jep.26.3.87
Spamhaus' "TOP 10 spam service ISPs"
"The 10 Worst ROKSO Spammers". Spamhaus. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Kanich, C.; C. Kreibich; K. Levchenko; B. Enright; G. Voelker; V. Paxson; S. Savage (2008-10-28). "Spamalytics: An Empirical Analysis of Spam Marketing Conversion" (PDF). Proceedings of Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS). Alexandria, VA, USA. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
Lombardi, Candace. "Alleged 'Seattle Spammer' arrested - CNET". News.com. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Claburn, Thomas. "'Spam King' Robert Alan Soloway Pleads Guilty". InformationWeek.com [1], 3/17/2008.
SPAMfighter News (6 November 2007). "Spam Kingpin Robert Soloway Arrested". Retrieved 17 December 2018.
Levchenko, Kirill; et al. (2011). Click Trajectories: End-to-End Analysis of the Spam Value Chain (PDF). 2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. pp. 431–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.706.1497. doi:10.1109/SP.2011.24. ISBN 978-0-7695-4402-1.
"RBL criticism". www.anti-abuse.org. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
Credeur, Mary. "Staff Writer". BizJournals.com. BizJournals.com. Retrieved July 22, 2002.
"On the dark side of the planet temperatures average 110amp160K". www.brechtweigelhaus.de.
U.S. v Jason Smathers and Sean Dunaway, amended complaint, US District Court for the Southern District of New York (2003). Retrieved 7 March 2007, from "Pair Nabbed In AOL Spam Scheme". thesmokinggun.com. 2010-07-14.
Ex-AOL employee pleads guilty in spam case. (2005, February 4). CNN. Retrieved 7 March 2007, from "Ex-AOL employee pleads guilty in spam case". CNN.com. February 5, 2005. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
Braver v. Newport Internet Marketing Corporation et al. -U.S. District Court - Western District of Oklahoma (Oklahoma City), 2005-02-22
"Two Men Sentenced for Running International Pornographic Spamming Business". United States Department of Justice. October 12, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
Gaudin, Sharon, Two Men Convicted Of Spamming Pornography InformationWeek, June 26, 2007
"Crist Announces First Case Under Florida Anti-Spam Law". Office of the Florida Attorney General. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
"Crist: Judgment Ends Duo's Illegal Spam, Internet Operations". Office of the Florida Attorney General. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
"Woman gets prison for 'Nigerian' scam". upi.com.
"Woman Gets Two Years for Aiding Nigerian Internet Check Scam (PC World)". PC World. 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2014-01-30.
Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc., 575 F.3d 1040 (9th Cir. 2009).
"Businessman wins e-mail spam case". BBC News. 27 December 2005. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
"Gordon Dick v Transcom Internet Service Ltd". Scotchspam.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Article 13-Unsolicited communications". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Kiwi spam network was 'World's biggest'". Stuff.co.nz. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
"Court Orders Australia-based Leader of International Spam Network to Pay $15.15 Million". Ftc.gov. 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Закон За Електронната Търговия". Lex.bg. 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Регистър на юридическите лица, които не желаят да получават непоискани търговски съобщения". Kzp.bg. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Sources
Specter, Michael (2007-08-06). "Damn Spam". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Further reading
Brunton, Finn. Spam: A Shadow History of the Internet (MIT Press; 2013) 304 pages; $27.95). A cultural and technological history
Sjouwerman, Stu; Posluns, Jeffrey, "Inside the spam cartel: trade secrets from the dark side", Elsevier/Syngress; 1st edition, November 27, 2004. ISBN 978-1-932266-86-3
Brown, Bruce Cameron "How to stop e-mail spam, spyware, malware, computer viruses, and hackers from ruining your computer" Atlantic Publishing Group, 2011. ISBN 978-1-601383-03-7
Dunne, Robert "Computers and the law: an introduction to basic legal principles and their application in cyberspace" Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-521886-50-5
The Spam Archive | Spamdex "Spam Archive list of spam from traceable sources", 2014-15 (including 2008-2013) over 35,000 spam emails listed
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electronic spam.
1 December 2009: arrest of a major spammer
Anti-Spam Consumer Resources and Information
Cybertelecom:: Federal spam law and policy
Federal Trade Commission page with spam reduction tips and reporting
Malware City - The Spam Omelette BitDefender's weekly report on spam trends and techniques.
Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978 Overview and text of the first known internet e-mail spam.
Slamming Spamming Resource on Spam
Spamtrackers SpamWiki: a peer-reviewed spam information and analysis resource.
Why am I getting all this spam? CDT
vte
Unsolicited digital communication
Protocols
Email spam
Address mungingBulk email softwareDirectory Harvest AttackDNSBLDNSWLJoe jobPink contractSpambot
Other
Auto dialerCold callingFlypostingJunk faxMessagingMobile phoneNewsgroupRobocallTelemarketingVoIP
Anti-spam
Disposable email addressDistributed Checksum ClearinghouseEmail authenticationList poisoningNaive Bayes spam filteringNetwork Abuse ClearinghouseSORBSSpamCopSpamhaus
Spamdexing
Blog spamCloakingDoorway pageForum spamGoogle bombKeyword stuffingLink farmReferrer spamScraper siteSocial spamSpam blogsSpingURL redirection
Internet fraud
Advance-fee fraudLottery scamMake Money FastPhishingVishing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about unsolicited or undesirable electronic messages. For information specific to email, see Email spam. For other uses, see Spam (disambiguation).
An email inbox containing a large amount of spam messages
Spamming is the use of messaging systems to send an unsolicited message (spam) to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial advertising, for the purpose of non-commercial proselytizing, or for any prohibited purpose (especially the fraudulent purpose of phishing). While the most widely recognized form of spam is email spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classified ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social spam, spam mobile apps,[1] television advertising and file sharing spam. It is named after Spam, a luncheon meat, by way of a Monty Python sketch about a restaurant that has Spam in almost every dish and where vikings annoyingly sing "Spam" over and over again.[2]
Spamming remains economically viable because advertisers have no operating costs beyond the management of their mailing lists, servers, infrastructures, IP ranges, and domain names, and it is difficult to hold senders accountable for their mass mailings. The costs, such as lost productivity and fraud, are borne by the public and by Internet service providers, which have added extra capacity to cope with the volume. Spamming has been the subject of legislation in many jurisdictions.[3]
A person who creates spam is called a spammer.[4]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Pre-Internet
2.2 History
3 In different media
3.1 Email
3.2 Instant messaging
3.3 Newsgroup and forum
3.4 Mobile phone
3.5 Social networking spam
3.6 Social spam
3.7 Blog, wiki, and guestbook
3.8 Spam targeting video sharing sites
3.9 VoIP Spam
3.10 Academic search
3.11 Mobile apps
4 Noncommercial forms
5 Geographical origins
6 Trademark issues
7 Cost–benefit analyses
7.1 General costs
8 In crime
9 Political issues
10 Court cases
10.1 United States
10.2 United Kingdom
10.3 New Zealand
10.4 Bulgaria
11 Newsgroups
12 See also
13 References
13.1 Citations
13.2 Sources
14 Further reading
15 External links
Etymology
Menu from Monty Python’s "Spam" sketch, from where the term is derived. Spam is included in almost every dish to the consternation of a customer.
The term spam is derived from the 1970 "Spam" sketch of the BBC television comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus.[5][6] The sketch, set in a cafe, has a waitress reading out a menu where every item but one includes Spam canned luncheon meat. As the waitress recites the Spam-filled menu, a chorus of Viking patrons drown out all conversations with a song, repeating "Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam… Lovely Spam! Wonderful Spam!".[7] The excessive amount of Spam mentioned is a reference to the ubiquity of it and other imported canned meat products in the UK after World War II (a period of rationing in the UK) as the country struggled to rebuild its agricultural base.[citation needed]
In the 1980s the term was adopted to describe certain abusive users who frequented BBSs and MUDs, who would repeat "Spam" a huge number of times to scroll other users' text off the screen.[8] In early chat-room services like PeopleLink and the early days of Online America (later known as America Online or AOL), they actually flooded the screen with quotes from the Monty Python Spam sketch.[citation needed] This was used as a tactic by insiders of a group that wanted to drive newcomers out of the room so the usual conversation could continue. It was also used to prevent members of rival groups from chatting—for instance, Star Wars fans often invaded Star Trek chat rooms, filling the space with blocks of text until the Star Trek fans left.[9]
It later came to be used on Usenet to mean excessive multiple posting—the repeated posting of the same message. The unwanted message would appear in many, if not all newsgroups, just as Spam appeared in all the menu items in the Monty Python sketch. The first usage of this sense was by Joel Furr[10][11] This use had also become established—to "spam" Usenet was to flood newsgroups with junk messages. The word was also attributed to the flood of "Make Money Fast" messages that clogged many newsgroups during the 1990s.[citation needed] In 1998, the New Oxford Dictionary of English, which had previously only defined "spam" in relation to the trademarked food product, added a second definition to its entry for "spam": "Irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of newsgroups or users."
There was also an effort to differentiate between types of newsgroup spam. Messages that were crossposted to too many newsgroups at once, as opposed to those that were posted too frequently, were called "velveeta" (after a cheese product), but this term did not persist.[12]
History
Pre-Internet
In the late 19th century, Western Union allowed telegraphic messages on its network to be sent to multiple destinations. The first recorded instance of a mass unsolicited commercial telegram is from May 1864, when some British politicians received an unsolicited telegram advertising a dentist.[13]
History
The earliest documented spam (although the term had not yet been coined[14]) was a message advertising the availability of a new model of Digital Equipment Corporation computers sent by Gary Thuerk to 393 recipients on ARPANET on May 3, 1978.[10] Rather than send a separate message to each person, which was the standard practice at the time, he had an assistant, Carl Gartley, write a single mass email. Reaction from the net community was fiercely negative, but the spam did generate some sales.[15][16]
Spamming had been practiced as a prank by participants in multi-user dungeon games, to fill their rivals' accounts with unwanted electronic junk.[16]
The first major commercial spam incident started on March 5, 1994, when a husband and wife team of lawyers, Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel, began using bulk Usenet posting to advertise immigration law services. The incident was commonly termed the "Green Card spam", after the subject line of the postings. Defiant in the face of widespread condemnation, the attorneys claimed their detractors were hypocrites or "zealouts", claimed they had a free speech right to send unwanted commercial messages, and labeled their opponents "anti-commerce radicals". The couple wrote a controversial book entitled How to Make a Fortune on the Information Superhighway.[16]
An early example of nonprofit fundraising bulk posting via Usenet also occurred in 1994 on behalf of CitiHope, an NGO attempting to raise funds to rescue children at risk during the Bosnian War. However, as it was a violation of their terms of service, the ISP Panix deleted all of the bulk posts from Usenet, only missing three copies[citation needed].
Within a few years, the focus of spamming (and anti-spam efforts) moved chiefly to email, where it remains today.[8] By 1999, Khan C. Smith, a well known hacker at the time, had begun to commercialize the bulk email industry and rallied thousands into the business by building more friendly bulk email software and providing internet access illegally hacked from major ISPs such as Earthlink and Botnets.[17]
By 2009 the majority of spam sent around the World was in the English language; spammers began using automatic translation services to send spam in other languages.[18]
In different media
Main article: Email spam
Email spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email (UBE), or junk mail, is the practice of sending unwanted email messages, frequently with commercial content, in large quantities. Spam in email started to become a problem when the Internet was opened for commercial use in the mid-1990s. It grew exponentially over the following years, and by 2007 it constituted about 80% to 85% of all e-mail, by a conservative estimate.[19] Pressure to make email spam illegal has resulted in legislation in some jurisdictions, but less so in others. The efforts taken by governing bodies, security systems and email service providers seem to be helping to reduce the volume of email spam. According to "2014 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 19" published by Symantec Corporation, spam volume dropped to 66% of all email traffic.[20]
An industry of email address harvesting is dedicated to collecting email addresses and selling compiled databases.[21] Some of these address-harvesting approaches rely on users not reading the fine print of agreements, resulting in their agreeing to send messages indiscriminately to their contacts. This is a common approach in social networking spam such as that generated by the social networking site Quechup.[22]
Instant messaging
Main article: Messaging spam
Instant messaging spam makes use of instant messaging systems. Although less prevalent than its e-mail counterpart, according to a report from Ferris Research, 500 million spam IMs were sent in 2003, twice the level of 2002.[23]
Newsgroup and forum
Main article: Newsgroup spam
Newsgroup spam is a type of spam where the targets are Usenet newsgroups. Spamming of Usenet newsgroups actually pre-dates e-mail spam. Usenet convention defines spamming as excessive multiple posting, that is, the repeated posting of a message (or substantially similar messages). The prevalence of Usenet spam led to the development of the Breidbart Index as an objective measure of a message's "spamminess".
Main article: Forum spam
Forum spam is the creation of advertising messages on Internet forums. It is generally done by automated spambots. Most forum spam consists of links to external sites, with the dual goals of increasing search engine visibility in highly competitive areas such as weight loss, pharmaceuticals, gambling, pornography, real estate or loans, and generating more traffic for these commercial websites. Some of these links contain code to track the spambot's identity; if a sale goes through, the spammer behind the spambot earns a commission.
Mobile phone
Main article: Mobile phone spam
Mobile phone spam is directed at the text messaging service of a mobile phone. This can be especially irritating to customers not only for the inconvenience, but also because of the fee they may be charged per text message received in some markets. To comply with CAN-SPAM regulations in the US, SMS messages now must provide options of HELP and STOP, the latter to end communication with the advertiser via SMS altogether.
Despite the high number of phone users, there has not been so much phone spam, because there is a charge for sending SMS. Recently, there are also observations of mobile phone spam delivered via browser push notifications. These can be a result of allowing websites which are malicious or delivering malicious ads to send a user notifications.[24]
Social networking spam
Main article: Social networking spam
Facebook and Twitter are not immune to messages containing spam links. Spammers hack into accounts and send false links under the guise of a user's trusted contacts such as friends and family.[25] As for Twitter, spammers gain credibility by following verified accounts such as that of Lady Gaga; when that account owner follows the spammer back, it legitimizes the spammer.[26] Twitter has studied what interest structures allow their users to receive interesting tweets and avoid spam, despite the site using the broadcast model, in which all tweets from a user are broadcast to all followers of the user.[27] Spammers, out of malicious intent, post either unwanted (or irrelevant) information or spread misinformation on social media platforms.[28]
Social spam
Spreading beyond the centrally managed social networking platforms, user-generated content increasingly appears on business, government, and nonprofit websites worldwide. Fake accounts and comments planted by computers programmed to issue social spam can infiltrate these websites.[29]
Blog, wiki, and guestbook
Main article: Spam in blogs
Blog spam is spamming on weblogs. In 2003, this type of spam took advantage of the open nature of comments in the blogging software Movable Type by repeatedly placing comments to various blog posts that provided nothing more than a link to the spammer's commercial web site.[30] Similar attacks are often performed against wikis and guestbooks, both of which accept user contributions. Another possible form of spam in blogs is the spamming of a certain tag on websites such as Tumblr.
Spam targeting video sharing sites
Screenshot from a spam video on YouTube claiming that the film in question has been deleted from the site, and can only be accessed on the link posted by the spambot in the video description (if the video were actually removed by YouTube, the description would be inaccessible and the deletion notification would look different).
In actual video spam, the uploaded movie is given a name and description with a popular figure or event that is likely to draw attention, or within the video a certain image is timed to come up as the video's thumbnail image to mislead the viewer, such as a still image from a feature film, purporting to be a part-by-part piece of a movie being pirated, e.g. Big Buck Bunny Full Movie Online - Part 1/10 HD, a link to a supposed keygen, trainer, ISO file for a video game, or something similar. The actual content of the video ends up being totally unrelated, a Rickroll, offensive, or simply on-screen text of a link to the site being promoted.[31] In some cases, the link in question may lead to an online survey site, a password-protected archive file with instructions leading to the aforementioned survey (though the survey, and the archive file itself, is worthless and doesn't contain the file in question at all), or in extreme cases, malware.[32] Others may upload videos presented in an infomercial-like format selling their product which feature actors and paid testimonials, though the promoted product or service is of dubious quality and would likely not pass the scrutiny of a standards and practices department at a television station or cable network.
VoIP Spam
Main article: VoIP spam
VoIP spam is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) spam, usually using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). This is nearly identical to telemarketing calls over traditional phone lines. When the user chooses to receive the spam call, a pre-recorded spam message or advertisement is usually played back. This is generally easier for the spammer as VoIP services are cheap and easy to anonymize over the Internet, and there are many options for sending mass number of calls from a single location. Accounts or IP addresses being used for VoIP spam can usually be identified by a large number of outgoing calls, low call completion and short call length.
Academic search
Academic search engines enable researchers to find academic literature and are used to obtain citation data for calculating performance metrics such as the H-index and impact factor. Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and OvGU demonstrated that most (web-based) academic search engines, especially Google Scholar are not capable of identifying spam attacks.[33] The researchers manipulated the citation counts of articles, and managed to make Google Scholar index complete fake articles, some containing advertising.[33]
Mobile apps
Spamming in mobile app stores include (i) apps that were automatically generated and as a result do not have any specific functionality or a meaningful description; (ii) multiple instances of the same app being published to obtain increased visibility in the app market; and (iii) apps that make excessive use of unrelated keywords to attract users through unintended searches.[34]
Noncommercial forms
E-mail and other forms of spamming have been used for purposes other than advertisements. Many early Usenet spams were religious or political. Serdar Argic, for instance, spammed Usenet with historical revisionist screeds. A number of evangelists have spammed Usenet and e-mail media with preaching messages. A growing number of criminals are also using spam to perpetrate various sorts of fraud.[35]
Geographical origins
In 2011 the origins of spam were analyzed by Cisco Systems. They provided a report that shows spam volume originating from countries worldwide.[36]
Rank Country Spam
volume(%)
1 India 13.7
2 Russia 9.0
3 Vietnam 7.9
4
(tie) South Korea 6.0
Indonesia 6.0
6 China 4.7
7 Brazil 4.5
8 United States 3.2
Trademark issues
Hormel Foods Corporation, the maker of SPAM luncheon meat, does not object to the Internet use of the term "spamming". However, they did ask that the capitalized word "Spam" be reserved to refer to their product and trademark.[37] By and large, this request is obeyed in forums that discuss spam.
Cost–benefit analyses
The European Union's Internal Market Commission estimated in 2001 that "junk email" cost Internet users €10 billion per year worldwide.[38] The California legislature found that spam cost United States organizations alone more than $13 billion in 2007, including lost productivity and the additional equipment, software, and manpower needed to combat the problem.[39] Spam's direct effects include the consumption of computer and network resources, and the cost in human time and attention of dismissing unwanted messages.[40] Large companies who are frequent spam targets utilize numerous techniques to detect and prevent spam.[41]
The cost to providers of search engines is significant: "The secondary consequence of spamming is that search engine indexes are inundated with useless pages, increasing the cost of each processed query".[4] The costs of spam also include the collateral costs of the struggle between spammers and the administrators and users of the media threatened by spamming.[42]
Email spam exemplifies a tragedy of the commons: spammers use resources (both physical and human), without bearing the entire cost of those resources. In fact, spammers commonly do not bear the cost at all. This raises the costs for everyone.[43] In some ways spam is even a potential threat to the entire email system, as operated in the past. Since email is so cheap to send, a tiny number of spammers can saturate the Internet with junk mail. Although only a tiny percentage of their targets are motivated to purchase their products (or fall victim to their scams), the low cost may provide a sufficient conversion rate to keep the spamming alive. Furthermore, even though spam appears not to be economically viable as a way for a reputable company to do business, it suffices for professional spammers to convince a tiny proportion of gullible advertisers that it is viable for those spammers to stay in business. Finally, new spammers go into business every day, and the low costs allow a single spammer to do a lot of harm before finally realizing that the business is not profitable[citation needed].
Some companies and groups "rank" spammers; spammers who make the news are sometimes referred to by these rankings.[44][45]
General costs
In all cases listed above, including both commercial and non-commercial, "spam happens" because of a positive cost-benefit analysis result; if the cost to recipients is excluded as an externality the spammer can avoid paying.
Cost is the combination of
Overhead: The costs and overhead of electronic spamming include bandwidth, developing or acquiring an email/wiki/blog spam tool, taking over or acquiring a host/zombie, etc.
Transaction cost: The incremental cost of contacting each additional recipient once a method of spamming is constructed, multiplied by the number of recipients (see CAPTCHA as a method of increasing transaction costs).
Risks: Chance and severity of legal and/or public reactions, including damages and punitive damages.
Damage: Impact on the community and/or communication channels being spammed (see Newsgroup spam).
Benefit is the total expected profit from spam, which may include any combination of the commercial and non-commercial reasons listed above. It is normally linear, based on the incremental benefit of reaching each additional spam recipient, combined with the conversion rate. The conversion rate for botnet-generated spam has recently been measured to be around one in 12,000,000 for pharmaceutical spam and one in 200,000 for infection sites as used by the Storm botnet.[46] The authors of the study calculating those conversion rates noted, "After 26 days, and almost 350 million e-mail messages, only 28 sales resulted."
In crime
Spam can be used to spread computer viruses, trojan horses or other malicious software. The objective may be identity theft, or worse (e.g., advance fee fraud). Some spam attempts to capitalize on human greed, while some attempts to take advantage of the victims' inexperience with computer technology to trick them (e.g., phishing).
One of the world's most prolific spammers, Robert Alan Soloway, was arrested by US authorities on May 31, 2007.[47] Described as one of the top ten spammers in the world, Soloway was charged with 35 criminal counts, including mail fraud, wire fraud, e-mail fraud, aggravated identity theft, and money laundering.[47] Prosecutors allege that Soloway used millions of "zombie" computers to distribute spam during 2003.[48] This is the first case in which US prosecutors used identity theft laws to prosecute a spammer for taking over someone else's Internet domain name.[49]
In an attempt to assess potential legal and technical strategies for stopping illegal spam, a study cataloged three months of online spam data and researched website naming and hosting infrastructures. The study concluded that: 1) half of all spam programs have their domains and servers distributed over just eight percent or fewer of the total available hosting registrars and autonomous systems, with 80 percent of spam programs overall being distributed over just 20 percent of all registrars and autonomous systems; 2) of the 76 purchases for which the researchers received transaction information, there were only 13 distinct banks acting as credit card acquirers and only three banks provided the payment servicing for 95 percent of the spam-advertised goods in the study; and, 3) a "financial blacklist" of banking entities that do business with spammers would dramatically reduce monetization of unwanted e-mails. Moreover, this blacklist could be updated far more rapidly than spammers could acquire new banking resources, an asymmetry favoring anti-spam efforts.[50]
Political issues
An ongoing concern expressed by parties such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the American Civil Liberties Union has to do with so-called "stealth blocking", a term for ISPs employing aggressive spam blocking without their users' knowledge. These groups' concern is that ISPs or technicians seeking to reduce spam-related costs may select tools that (either through error or design) also block non-spam e-mail from sites seen as "spam-friendly". Few object to the existence of these tools; it is their use in filtering the mail of users who are not informed of their use that draws fire.[51]
Even though it is possible in some jurisdictions to treat some spam as unlawful merely by applying existing laws against trespass and conversion, some laws specifically targeting spam have been proposed. In 2004, United States passed the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 that provided ISPs with tools to combat spam. This act allowed Yahoo! to successfully sue Eric Head who settled the lawsuit for several thousand U.S. dollars in June 2004. But the law is criticized by many for not being effective enough. Indeed, the law was supported by some spammers and organizations that support spamming, and opposed by many in the anti-spam community.[citation needed]
Court cases
See also: E-mail spam legislation by country
United States
Earthlink won a $25 million judgment against one of the most notorious and active "spammers" Khan C. Smith in 2001 for his role in founding the modern spam industry which dealt billions in economic damage and established thousands of spammers into the industry.[52] His email efforts were said to make up more than a third of all Internet email being sent from 1999 until 2002.
Sanford Wallace and Cyber Promotions were the target of a string of lawsuits, many of which were settled out of court, up through a 1998 Earthlink settlement[53] that put Cyber Promotions out of business. Attorney Laurence Canter was disbarred by the Tennessee Supreme Court in 1997 for sending prodigious amounts of spam advertising his immigration law practice. In 2005, Jason Smathers, a former America Online employee, pleaded guilty to charges of violating the CAN-SPAM Act. In 2003, he sold a list of approximately 93 million AOL subscriber e-mail addresses to Sean Dunaway who sold the list to spammers.[54][55]
In 2007, Robert Soloway lost a case in a federal court against the operator of a small Oklahoma-based Internet service provider who accused him of spamming. U.S. Judge Ralph G. Thompson granted a motion by plaintiff Robert Braver for a default judgment and permanent injunction against him. The judgment includes a statutory damages award of about $10 million under Oklahoma law.[56]
In June 2007, two men were convicted of eight counts stemming from sending millions of e-mail spam messages that included hardcore pornographic images. Jeffrey A. Kilbride, 41, of Venice, California was sentenced to six years in prison, and James R. Schaffer, 41, of Paradise Valley, Arizona, was sentenced to 63 months. In addition, the two were fined $100,000, ordered to pay $77,500 in restitution to AOL, and ordered to forfeit more than $1.1 million, the amount of illegal proceeds from their spamming operation.[57] The charges included conspiracy, fraud, money laundering, and transportation of obscene materials. The trial, which began on June 5, was the first to include charges under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, according to a release from the Department of Justice. The specific law that prosecutors used under the CAN-Spam Act was designed to crack down on the transmission of pornography in spam.[58]
In 2005, Scott J. Filary and Donald E. Townsend of Tampa, Florida were sued by Florida Attorney General Charlie Crist for violating the Florida Electronic Mail Communications Act.[59] The two spammers were required to pay $50,000 USD to cover the costs of investigation by the state of Florida, and a $1.1 million penalty if spamming were to continue, the $50,000 was not paid, or the financial statements provided were found to be inaccurate. The spamming operation was successfully shut down.[60]
Edna Fiedler, 44, of Olympia, Washington, on June 25, 2008, pleaded guilty in a Tacoma court and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment and 5 years of supervised release or probation in an Internet $1 million "Nigerian check scam." She conspired to commit bank, wire and mail fraud, against US citizens, specifically using Internet by having had an accomplice who shipped counterfeit checks and money orders to her from Lagos, Nigeria, the previous November. Fiedler shipped out $609,000 fake check and money orders when arrested and prepared to send additional $1.1 million counterfeit materials. Also, the U.S. Postal Service recently intercepted counterfeit checks, lottery tickets and eBay overpayment schemes with a value of $2.1 billion.[61][62]
In a 2009 opinion, Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc., 575 F.3d 1040, the Ninth Circuit assessed the standing requirements necessary for a private plaintiff to bring a civil cause of action against spam senders under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, as well as the scope of the CAN-SPAM Act's federal preemption clause.[63]
United Kingdom
In the first successful case of its kind, Nigel Roberts from the Channel Islands won £270 against Media Logistics UK who sent junk e-mails to his personal account.[64]
In January 2007, a Sheriff Court in Scotland awarded Mr. Gordon Dick £750 (the then maximum sum that could be awarded in a Small Claim action) plus expenses of £618.66, a total of £1368.66 against Transcom Internet Services Ltd.[65] for breaching anti-spam laws.[66] Transcom had been legally represented at earlier hearings, but were not represented at the proof, so Gordon Dick got his decree by default. It is the largest amount awarded in compensation in the United Kingdom since Roberts v Media Logistics case in 2005.
Despite the statutory tort that is created by the Regulations implementing the EC Directive, few other people have followed their example. As the Courts engage in active case management, such cases would probably now be expected to be settled by mediation and payment of nominal damages.
New Zealand
In October 2008, an international internet spam operation run from New Zealand was cited by American authorities as one of the world's largest, and for a time responsible for up to a third of all unwanted e-mails. In a statement the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) named Christchurch's Lance Atkinson as one of the principals of the operation. New Zealand's Internal Affairs announced it had lodged a $200,000 claim in the High Court against Atkinson and his brother Shane Atkinson and courier Roland Smits, after raids in Christchurch. This marked the first prosecution since the Unsolicited Electronic Messages Act (UEMA) was passed in September 2007. The FTC said it had received more than three million complaints about spam messages connected to this operation, and estimated that it may be responsible for sending billions of illegal spam messages. The US District Court froze the defendants’ assets to preserve them for consumer redress pending trial.[67] U.S. co-defendant Jody Smith forfeited more than $800,000 and faces up to five years in prison for charges to which he pleaded guilty.[68]
Bulgaria
While most countries either outlaw or at least ignore spam, Bulgaria is the first and until now[when?] only one[citation needed]to legalize it. According to the Bulgarian E-Commerce act[69] (Чл.5,6) anyone can send spam to mailboxes published as owned by a company or organization as long as there is a "clear and straight indication that the message is unsolicited commercial e-mail" ("да осигури ясното и недвусмислено разпознаване на търговското съобщение като непоискано") in the message body.
This made lawsuits against Bulgarian ISP's and public e-mail providers with antispam policy possible, as they are obstructing legal commerce activity and thus violate Bulgarian antitrust acts. While there are no such lawsuits until now, several cases of spam obstruction are currently awaiting decision in the Bulgarian Antitrust Commission (Комисия за защита на конкуренцията) and can end with serious fines for the ISPs in question.[when?][citation needed]
The law contains other dubious provisions — for example, the creation of a nationwide public electronic register of e-mail addresses that do not want to receive spam.[70] It is usually abused as the perfect source for e-mail address harvesting, because publishing invalid or incorrect information in such a register is a criminal offense in Bulgaria.
Newsgroups
news.admin.net-abuse.email
See also
icon Internet portal
Address munging (avoidance technique)
Advance-fee scam (Nigerian spam)
Anti-spam techniques
Identity theft – Deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain a financial advantage
Image spam
Confidence trick – Attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their confidence
Junk mail
List of spammers – Wikipedia list article
Malware
Network Abuse Clearinghouse
Phishing – Act of attempting to acquire sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy entity
Social spam – Unwanted spam content appearing on social networking services
Spam and Open Relay Blocking System (SORBS)
SpamCop
The Spamhaus Project
Spamigation
VoIP spam
Spoetry
Sporgery – Posting a flood of articles to a Usenet group, with falsified headers.
Suppression list
Voice phishing, also known as Vishing – Form of criminal phone fraud, using social engineering over the telephone system to gain access to private personal and financial information for the purpose of financial reward
History
Howard Carmack
Make Money Fast – Electronic chain letter
Sanford Wallace
Spam King
Usenet Death Penalty
References
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"Court Orders Australia-based Leader of International Spam Network to Pay $15.15 Million". Ftc.gov. 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Закон За Електронната Търговия". Lex.bg. 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Регистър на юридическите лица, които не желаят да получават непоискани търговски съобщения". Kzp.bg. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Sources
Specter, Michael (2007-08-06). "Damn Spam". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Further reading
Brunton, Finn. Spam: A Shadow History of the Internet (MIT Press; 2013) 304 pages; $27.95). A cultural and technological history
Sjouwerman, Stu; Posluns, Jeffrey, "Inside the spam cartel: trade secrets from the dark side", Elsevier/Syngress; 1st edition, November 27, 2004. ISBN 978-1-932266-86-3
Brown, Bruce Cameron "How to stop e-mail spam, spyware, malware, computer viruses, and hackers from ruining your computer" Atlantic Publishing Group, 2011. ISBN 978-1-601383-03-7
Dunne, Robert "Computers and the law: an introduction to basic legal principles and their application in cyberspace" Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-521886-50-5
The Spam Archive | Spamdex "Spam Archive list of spam from traceable sources", 2014-15 (including 2008-2013) over 35,000 spam emails listed
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electronic spam.
1 December 2009: arrest of a major spammer
Anti-Spam Consumer Resources and Information
Cybertelecom:: Federal spam law and policy
Federal Trade Commission page with spam reduction tips and reporting
Malware City - The Spam Omelette BitDefender's weekly report on spam trends and techniques.
Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978 Overview and text of the first known internet e-mail spam.
Slamming Spamming Resource on Spam
Spamtrackers SpamWiki: a peer-reviewed spam information and analysis resource.
Why am I getting all this spam? CDT
vte
Unsolicited digital communication
Protocols
Email spam
Address mungingBulk email softwareDirectory Harvest AttackDNSBLDNSWLJoe jobPink contractSpambot
Other
Auto dialerCold callingFlypostingJunk faxMessagingMobile phoneNewsgroupRobocallTelemarketingVoIP
Anti-spam
Disposable email addressDistributed Checksum ClearinghouseEmail authenticationList poisoningNaive Bayes spam filteringNetwork Abuse ClearinghouseSORBSSpamCopSpamhaus
Spamdexing
Blog spamCloakingDoorway pageForum spamGoogle bombKeyword stuffingLink farmReferrer spamScraper siteSocial spamSpam blogsSpingURL redirection
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Advance-fee fraudLottery scamMake Money FastPhishingVishing
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