I totally agree with your questions, especially the first two of them. Hope you don't mind if I ask them again a bit differently:
What kind of information shall be reported to whom and why?
This topic already jump starts right into my argumentation against (such) tools: They often try to define a standard, which can hardly ever exactly meet a certain organization's requirements. So, many of them choose the approach to define the common maximum, which then leads to a huge, but worthless reporting effort! Scrum does it right by not defining any reporting standards, since it is so dependent on organizations, projects, communication levels, etc.
In my team - and I wish I could talk for larger parts of our organization -, the reporting from the bottom of the development process is kept to the very basic information, which has already been mentioned: a physical task board, showing stories and tasks in their states Due, WIP and Done. We have task cards, although stories many times would be sufficient. Tasks come in handy for stories which can be worked on by several people, since they resemble the information we gathered during planning about which individual tasks need to be done for the story. Mainly for later reference when technical questions come up, I (as Scrum Master) do note the names to tasks in an electronic list. That list is also the source from which I make a burndown chart, containing open tasks and story points (I do question that chart, since I don't find it very useful, but the rest of the team wants to keep it). Also, we note on the cards, when a task was started and how many calender days it has been worked on. Yes, calender days, not hours spent! We do that only to see if a task "stalls" and probably help is needed (e.g. started 4 days before, but only 1 day been worked on). At the end of a sprint, we also do a short re-assessment of the stories to see, if our estimation was correct. This should some day help us better defining our velocity, but I haven't yet found the time to analyse it.
After all, the sprint backlogs, re-assessed stories, protocols on who worked on which task and finally the story status (done?), I consider the essentials to keep the process up and running. Additionally, I have the total hours spent on the project by person from the mandatory time tracking system. Luckily, having all that at hand at any time, I could easily answer all management questions which came up so far. Of course, they can't look into a fancy cockpit and find a lot of information ready to be messed up by their interpretation, but would need to ask and talk with our team - but that's a good thing!
Right now, we're just before introducing Jira in our project (needed due to other stakeholders). Hope it works out...