I started a draft of the document in a branch of the docs.scala-lang.org repo and added a number of issues and some stubs. Please contribute descriptions and code examples of significant cases of surprising behavior you stumbled over, when using Scala. Please check if it is already listed and consider adding different examples or improving what's there.
https://github.com/scala/scala.github.com/blob/pitfalls/overviews/core/_posts/2014-04-08-language-pitfalls.md
This guide will help all of us. Let's work together to make it happen.
Thank you.
Christopher
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Scala Team, EPFL Lausanne